Reserch On Jinzhou Royal Manor Of The Qing Dynasty

The Qing rulers set Royal Manors widely in northeast of China during the Qing Dynasty.Jinzhou Royal Manor is an important part of northeast Royal Manors in the Qing Dynasty,it stems from the tokso before Qing Dynasty mastered the central plains.Jinzhou Royal Manor is managed by the Jinzhou Granary Yamum directly,the main labors of the manor are the manorial officers and the able-bodied man.Due to the setting time of Jinzhou Royal Manor is unknown and there is no accurate statement about it,the first part of this article will make a research on the setting time of Jinzhou Royal Manor.Jinzhou Royal Manor has developed rapidly since it was set up,there are more than 300 manors in its heyday.There are many sources of Jinzhou Royal Manor’s land,such as the land where is occupied by the official,the land where is reclaimed by the manorial officers privately,the land where is taken over by the government and so on.The land area of manors outside Shanhaiguan is large,there are more than one area of manor administered by the manorial officers.Jinzhou Royal Manor’s land is not located in the same place but interspersed among several states,which determines the decentralized characteristics of land management.Jinzhou Granary Yamum is established in 1669,it’s in charge of the household-registration and levying various taxes.The granaries and pastures are managed by the Jinzhou Granary Yamum directly,but the appointment of the manorial officers,the transfers of the able-bodied men and other things must report to the Peking Imperial Household.In order to keep tight and manageable control over the manorial officers and the able-bodied men,the rulers of Qing Dynasty take a series of measures,including genealogy writings about the manorial officers,restrictions on freedom of marriage and punishment to the fugitives.The second part of this article will give an overall discussion on the management and operation of Jinzhou Royal Manor from the administrative system and the multiple operation.Because of the political corruption and the multiple invasions of foreign powers in the end of Qing Dynasty,the domestic conditions is turbulent.Manor’s system suffered severe damage,the old system is unsustainable,the Qing rulers start to measure land and reclamation between 1905 and 1909.The third part of this article will poses a comprehensive analyse on Jinzhou Royal Manor’s significance about land census and reclamation from the destruction of manor and the surveying’s process of country and society.