Research On The Ferry System In The North Of Hunan Province During Qing Dynasty

Xiang-bei is a domain with countless rivers and lakes.Rivers and lakes of the natural geographical conditions of the cross-strait to make it a horizontal traffic obstruction,so in order to facilitate travel and official delivery,the local residents are often set up bridge or ferry.Nevertheless,compared to the bridge requires a higher manufacturing technology and huge cost on the construction and maintenance,ferry is based on a boat,a house and a ferry that could save lots of expenditures.Ferry in Xiang-bei accorded with the different modes of operation can be divided into Official ferry,Charitable ferry and private ferry in Qing Dynasty Which Charitable ferry and private ferry for civil repair is in the vast majority of public ferry,but also in the vast majority of Xiang-bei ferry.Natural and geographical conditions are the main factors affecting the distribution of ferry,and the ferry construction should also rely on some certain conditions.From the internal context is mainly the subjective needs of the people and socio-economic basis;From the external factors,mainly by the bridge manufacturing technology and high cost constraints.Simultaneously,ferry have equipped with some adjunctive equipments.These people are made up of every estate in the process of building ferry.They have different function on the building ferry.They are also involved in the construction of ferry,although they had different motives.In addition,the ferry as a public affairs,it also needs a certain management paradigm to ensure that its long-term operation.Shou-shi and Du-fu as a job,must also follow the industry norms and professional ethics.Each role in accordance with different norms of management,so as to ensure that the ferry can be in normal operation.