The Research Of Soviet’s MFN Status In USA (1972-1975)

The Nixon administration tried to expand the US-Soviet trade under the premise of solving the problems between the United States and the Soviet Union in its first term,with the granting of the most-favored-nation treatment of the Soviet Union to tie in with its own plans to deal with the lend-lease debts.At the time of making an agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union,the Soviet authorities suddenly imposed a special "diploma tax"to the Jews who intended to cmigrate,which led to dissatisfaction with the American Jewish community,many members and political groups behind them called for the linkage of the most favored nation treatment to the issue of Soviet Jewish immigration,and the Nixon administration failed to reach an agreement with Congress on the handling of this issue.After the 1972 parliamentary elections The House of Representatives led by the opposition Democratic Party has no intention of releasing the "Jackson-Vanik Bill" strongly opposed by the Administration.In April 1973,President Nixon presented to Congress the Trade Reform Act,which supported the treatment of the most favored nation status to the Soviet Union,and the Senator of Jackson,who supported the immigration of the Soviet Jewish people,also raised the Jackson-Vanik Bill for confrontation.Although the Soviet Union made a willingness to cooperate with the United States position and reached some results.But when the Nixon administration was in a crisis when the Watergate was in turmoil,it was not possible to solve the problem of most-favored-nation status of USSR,and Nixon and Kissinger failed to stop the inclusion of the trade bill modified by Jackson and others in the House of Representatives.In August 1974,with Nixon was forced to resign,the new President Ford came to power.The tricky problem in front of him is dealing with the impasse on the most favored nation of the Soviet Union and the Jackson-Vanik Bill.Senator Jackson once expressed the willingness to negotiate and compromise.But some opposite principles obeyed by different parts make the process of negotiations more difficult.Ultimately,under the influence of multiple effects,the relevant negotiations eventually break.President Ford,whose leadership was not very outstanding,chose to compromise with Congress and signed the Trade Reform Act in January 1975,which contains the contents of the Jackson-Vanik bill.And the Soviet MFN and Soviet Jewish immigration problems were still unsolved.