Three Tumen Of The Left Wing Mongol Around "Long-qing Tribute"

In the September of the fourth year of Long-qing,Daicing ejei taiji,the grandson of Altan Khan who was the leader of three right wing Tumens surrendered to the Ming Dynasty.Mongolian and Mongolian began consultations on extradition.After two month,the right wing Mongol delivered the leaders of Bansheng which included Zhao Quan and Li Zixin to the Ming Dynasty and exchanged Daicing ejei taiji back to Mongol.After the "Daicing ejei taiji Event",Altan Khan and Ming Dynasty agreed to establish trade relationship according to the opinions of Wang Chonggu,who was the official of Xuanda,which was called "Long-qing tribute".This event influenced the relationship between Mongol and Ming Dynasty deeply.But the left wing Mongol which is leading by Tumen Zasagt Khan from Chahar Tumen didn't join into"Long-qing tribute" and continue the war with Ming Dynasty.Until the end of Ming Dynasty,there wasn't any official relationship between them.Why the left wing Mongol haven't joined into the "Long-qing tribute"?This article begins with a brief review of the trade relationship between Ming and Mongolia before the period of Altan Khan.From the eleven years of Jia-jing,Mongolia launched a war to seekopportunity for "tribute" activitiesto the Ming Dynasty.On the location of the left wing Mongolian tumen at this time,many predecessors have discussed,I agree with Mr.Cao Yongnian's point of view,that thistime Chahar Tumen lived about the boundary of Ming Dynasty near Xuanfu and Datong.This period the whole Mongol is still in the leadership under the rule of Bodi Alagh Khan,so "tribute" activities are likely to be carried out jointly by the two sides.Especially according an record in Jia-jing twenty-one years(1542),Chahar Bodi Khan had high possibilityto prove that the left wing of Mongolian is also having an urgent hope to achieve "tribute" with the Ming Dynasty at this time.But because of the growing power of Altan Khan,in order to avoid the merger,the left wing Mongol moved to the Liaohe River Loop area.Altan Khan continued try to negotiate with Ming Dynasty for "tribute" in the Xuanda area,but because the stubborn of the Emperor Jiajing,Mongol has not been successful until the "Daicing ejeitaiji Eventr"occurred,when the relationship between the two began to improve.Then this article studieddetails of the beginning of "Long-qing tribute":"Daicing ejeitaiji Event" as an incident is the opportunity of "Longqing tribute",approved the Tumote and the Ming Dynasty to discuss.At the beginning of the negotiations,the two sides only tried to exchange prisoners,but the author noted Fang Fengshi,the governor of Datong made a promise.This behavior is likely to make the Altan Khan thought that the Ming side held a friendly attitude,and which proved him re-proposed"tribute"after twenty years,and the two sides began preparations jobs of the"tribute".The attitude of both sides from doubt to trust,on the contrary,the left wing of Mongol didn't havesimilar opportunity to communicate with the Ming Dynasty.In the "Long-qing tribute" officially began preparations,the Ming Dynasty,rightwing Mongol tumen,leftwing Mongol tumen all have their own considerations:Wang Chonggu wanted to make the left wing Mongol tumen join into the "tribute",directly to solve the of relations between Ming and Mongol.The messenger he sent met the members of the Chahar Tumen,his ideas should be accurately conveyed to the Tumen Zasagt Khan.But in the "tribute" rapid progress within a few months,Tumen Zasagt Khan cannot judge the credibility of the news about the "tribute",and did not convey his attitude to Wang Chonggu,so Wang Chonggu could not be include him into "tribute".As the leader of right wing Mongol,Altan Khan hope to be the leader of the "tribute",and didn't want the unpredictable Chahar to influence the success of the "tribute".After the "Long-qing tribute" was reached,Tumen Zasagt Khan continued to attack the Ming dynasty to achieve "tribute".He was influenced by the crowning of Altan Khan and tried to achieve one relationship similar as "Long-qing tribute" until his death.However,the Ming Dynasty,which had certain advantages in military affairs,constantly repelled the attack of the Tumen Zasagt Khan.At the same time,in order to avoid being impeached,officials in the Ming Dynasty could not take the initiative to make peace with the left wing Mongol.It should be pointed out that although the Ming Dynasty and the left wing Mongol did not have official "tributary" relations,the two sides conducted economic exchanges through many channels.The Ming Dynasty gave the Jurchen development space for "refuse tribute" policy to the leftwing Mongol,which became the ultimate winner at the end of the Ming Dynasty in Northeast China.Although the Ming Dynasty changed its policy towards the left wing of Mongolia,it could not save the situation.