Zhai Ruwen And The Ritual Revolutions Between Northern Song And Southern Song

The judgments of Song dynasty,like the Tang-Song Transformation theory from Naito Konan and the theory of transformation between Northern and Southern Song raised by James T.C.Liu,all are the judgment based on entirely observation.This paper is affected by those theories.We are using the theories and facts to restore the historical complexity and push the feeling of history and art history.In the past,scholars focused on the politics and military of Jingkang period but short of the changing of art,culture and thought by Jingkang Calamity.Zhai Ruwen lived in the turbulent time of Northern Song transiting to Southern Song,and his political career cover the Emperor Huizong,Emperor Qinzong and Emperor Gaozong.Although Zhai Ruwen escaped the rapes of Kaifeng by Jin Dynasty,neither the squeezing by unpeaceful political situation.In the late period of the movement of designing rituals and musics of Northern Song,he participated the edit of Zhenghe Wuli Xinyi ?????? and the manufacture of new sacrificial vessels,no reward;in the early period of escaping of Southern Song,he insisted the standard of morals and rituals,excluded soon after he temporarily acted as the vice minister(Can Zhi Zheng Shi ????).With the discontents,Zhai Ruwen began his seclusive life.Talking about Buddhism and Daoism,picturing and sculpturing figures,noting historical books and editing rites,moralizing people,he symbolically suggested the prologue of moral conservatism of Southern Song and later.Entirely Song dynasty,returning to ancient always as the ideal target of literati and the Sandai ?? had special meanings in their eyes.After the antiquarianism which study the rite of Sandai via" archaeological excavat " antiques and epigraphs vigorous,the concept of Sandai had been strengthened and seemly became a existing which can be touched.Excepting the literati and scholars,emperors also use the antique vessels to announce the powerful and prosperous under their reign.Emperor Huizong established ritual revising bureau(yi li ju???)and ritual vessel making bureau(li zhi ju ???)to innovate ritual system and make new ritual vessels.He wanted to continue the Sandai by ceremony.Moreover,some Daoists like Wei Hanjin ???,Lin Lingsu??? eds.who appeared in the court of Emperor Huizong utilized the imagination of the Sandai by antique vessels to fetch some related notions in Daoism and cater to Emperor Huizong's will of "forming flourish of a dynasty".Among the series of revolutions and movements,Zhai Ruwen is the executor in fact.He not only effected the appearance of ritual and religious activities of Huizong period,but also be effected by these activities.This paper along the life of Zhai Ruwen,representing his role in the ritual revolution of Northern Song and ritual reestablish of Southern Song;then,this paper also shows readers the spiritual life of Zhai Ruwen,concluding his faith,art and the family building.Through reviewing the life of Zhai Ruwen,the paper discovered:1.Because the personal favorite of Emperor Huizong,the thought of Daoism and Confucianism combined in court of later Northern Song dynasty,and affecting the folks via officials and literati.2.Literati should tend to conservative by political fluctuate.Then,his descendants shape and adjust his figures based on later public opinions.