The Study Of "X Yeshi (de)"-also Make A Comparison With "(X) Zhenshi (de)"

In daily communication, we often use the structure "X Yeshi (de)" to express "blame, dissatisfaction, complaining" and other negative emotions. "X Yeshi (de)" has its specific syntactic, semantic and pragmatic rules, the emergence and development of "X Yeshi (de)" have a certain trajectory. Based on the "three planes" theory, grammaticalization theory, construction grammar and cognitive linguistics, we conducted a systematic study about "X Yeshi (de)", we also compared "X Yeshi (de)" to the approximate structure "(X) Zhenshi (de)".In syntax aspect, "X Yeshi (de)" is shown as:Subject "X" can’t be omitted. "X" consists of nouns and noun phrases."Yeshi" is attached to the "X"."Yeshi" can be replaced with modal particles "ah". It also can be omitted. We can’t add adverbs in front of the "Yeshi". Modal particles "de" can aggravate the blame tone, "de" can be omitted, but usually can’t be replaced by other modal particles. There are two kinds of positional relationship between "X Yeshi (de)" and complaining content:"X Yeshi (de), Y" and "Z, X Yeshi (de), Y". Compared with "X Yeshi (de)", "(X) Zhenshi (de)" is more independent in syntax aspect, more flexible in terms of modal particlesIn semantics and pragmatics aspect, "X Yeshi (de)" is shown as:There are two kinds of meaning of "ye":similar semantic and tactful tone, euphemistic tone. "Shi" is attached to the "ye", the meaning of "shi" is opaque. There are two whole semantics of "X Yeshi (de)":insubstantial blame and substantial blame. In terms of textual coherence, the functions of "X Yeshi (de)" include:Expanding the topic, continuing| the topic, changing the topic. In the aspect of interpersonal functions, "X Yeshi (de)" can mark blame and other negative emotional attitude, it also use the principles of politeness in some context. Compared with "X Yeshi (de)", "(X) Zhenshi (de)".is| stronger in the semantic self-sufficiency, broader in the semantic scope, more rich in coherent function, but more impolite.In grammaticalization aspect, "X Yeshi (de)" is shown as:"Yeshi 1" was first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, it was a phrases that impressed similar judgment Subsequently, the semantic of "ye" constantly blurred, "shi" gradually developed into the composition of word, "Ye" and "shi" formed adverb "yeshi2 " that indicates tactful tone in the Ming Dynasty. The formation of "yeshi3" came from two aspects one came from "yeshi2", another came from "yeshi 1". The formation of "(X) Zhenshi (de)" is similar to "X Yeshi (de)". However, "X Yeshi (de)" is equivalent to a topic label, "(X) Zhenshi (de)". is an independent discourse marker. The root cause of the difference lies in that the semantic mechanisms of "yeshi" and "zhenshi" are different The meaning of "yeshi" is relatively empty, its semantic cannot be self-sufficient after grammaticalization, so its syntax is adhesive. The meaning of "Zhenshi" is relatively concrete, its semantic can be self-sufficient after grammaticalization, so its syntax is independent.