The Study Of The Pivotal Sentence In Yuan Kan Quan Xiang Ping Hua Wu Zhong

The selection of 《 Yuan Kan Quan Xiang Ping Hua Wu Zhong 》（following calls 《Ping Hua Wu Zhong》for short）in our subject was printed by a person whose husband’s first-name is Yv in Yuan Dynasty.It is including 《Quan Xiang Ping Hua of Wu King》and four others.This five species is the earliest existing told history books.The languages in 《Ping Hua Wu Zhong》 obviously have the feature of formal language and the feature of dialect.So it is the important datum of the study on spoken languages.Therefore,we select the 《Ping Hua Wu Zhong》 as the object of study,and the pivotal sentence as the starting point,on one hand we will fully describe the characteristics of the pivotal sentences in 《Ping Hua Wu Zhong》 and build their systems,on the other hand we will describe the features of pivotal sentences and dialect in the early Yuan Dynasty.According to the current accepted standard,based on actual text,we define the pivotal sentence as follows: the abstract form is "S+VP₁ +N+VP₂ ",N serve both as VP₁’s object and serves as VP₂ ’s subject,namely N has two duties.VP₁ and VP₂ has some connections in meaning.Under this standard,we will study the Pivotal sentences in 《Ping Hua Wu Zhong》.According to the features of VP₁ in "S+VP₁ +N+VP₂ ",combine with reality of text,we divide the pivotal sentences in 《Ping Hua Wu Zhong》 into seven big class:（1）leading Pivotal sentence,amounted to 24 species;（2）demanding and begging class pivotal sentence,amounted to demanding class 32 species,begging class 9 species;（3）selection and appointment pivotal sentence,a total of 21 species,（4）Sense psychology class pivotal sentence,a total of 10 sence pivotal sentence and 5 psychology pivotal sentence;（5）existential and appearing class pivotal sentence,mainly referring to the sentences that was guided by the verb "You";（6）action pivotal sentence,a total of 30 species;（7）other Pivotal sentence,a total of 20 species.The main feature of structure of the pivotal sentences in 《Ping Hua Wu Zhong》 is: subject S and pivotal N is mainly composed of a noun or noun phrase,VP₁ main verbs,VP₂ has many classes,can be a verb,verb phrases,verb-verb phrases and so on,even can also be a complex sentence,for Pivotal N,however,it is the dominant concern.VP₂ was mainly one-way,.Judging from the four combinations,subject S is often being omitted,pivotal N is also being omitted sometimes.And the main semantic feature of the pivotal sentences in 《Ping Hua Wu Zhong》is:VP₁ is the action of subject which primarily represents the actions or traits of pivotal N,but when it represents the actions that both belong to subject S and pivotal N,such as in some kinds of the action pivotal sentence,it is bi-directional.In addition,subject S is main agent,but due to pivotal N has two roles as well as object and subject,so it can be both agent and patient.The main pragmatic character of pivotal sentences in 《Ping Hua Wu Zhong》is that the pivotal sentences are mainly straightforward,rarely used for emphasis and questions.The Focus of a pivotal sentence is VP₂.