The Integrated Research Of Bread From The Perspective Of Linguistics

Bread is a necessity at the dinner table in Russia. It is not only a synonym for food but also one of the concept words that contain colorful implied meaning in both catering and social culture of Russia. The domestic and oversea scholars tend to analyze bread from the perspective of concept rather than related linguistic theories.Hence,the sense of bread, chosen as the research object in this paper, is originated from Russian National Corpus. The paradigmatic relationship of a word includes both its internal and external aspects. Paradigmatic relationships within the word are syntactical form related to the word itself, while padigmatic relationships outside the word are linked with the research of semantic field and lexical functions etc. The internal paradigm of bread has 12 forms while the external paradigm contains homologous field and characteristic field. According to the dictionary explanation,the homologous field of bread shares three general sememe--- “food”, “flour” and“baking”, which are characterized by defining terms to determine 26 components of the homologous field of bread. And characteristic fields can be divided into 3subfields-raw material field, taste field and accessories field. Lexical function of bread is based mainly on word-formation relationship function related to subjective thematic, typical locative, typical tool, diminutive and augmentativ. Semantic and syntax function only has superior concept with 3 combination lexical functionsfavorable characteristics, quantity and measure word unit. By analyzing the disciplines of syntagmatic relation and organization principle,the author explained that bread is a key word in “phrases of bread”, which is mainly noun phrases including the verb phrases based on the object of bread. According to parammatical relation and semantic relation, the author categorized phrases of bread, built 10 semantic combination models by formalized means and tried to construct collocation element paradigm of bread. From the perspective of lexical semantics and formal linguistics, we can further study paradigmatic relationship and syntagmatic relationship of bread to verify linguistic theories, enrich research findings of lexicon,and benefit the practice of Russian teaching.