| Chinese culture has a long historical standing, remains a large number of elegant and precious cultural relics. These cultural relics possess cultural and artistic value as well as the important material evidence of the ancient civilization and the course of history research. Polychrome cultural relics are the highest class of cultural relics in the cultural and artistic value, such as ancient murals, painting potter, ancient building painting and so on. The binding media is one of the key components of cultural relics. The detection of the binding media is not only the requirements of cultural relic’s process, but the important guidance for investigation of diseases mechanism, designing and reinforcing the protective measures. Nevertheless, the binding media easily loss and aging resulting from the nature of itself, adding to the limitations of analytical techniques, the research work of cultural relics has been greatly affected.In this work, focused on egg white, animal glue, fish glue and bovine milk which commonly used by ancients as binding media in painting pigments. By the use of ELISA and IFM, we detected of laboratory standards and 12 ancient real samples, confirming the specificity and sensitivity of these two methods. Meanwhile, we identified the polychrome samples which protected with typical protective materials, which revealed that typical protective materials didn’t interfere and damage its structure and identification; furtherly verified the safety and feasibility of these methods, and emphasized that restoration should follow the principle of distinction. Qin’s polychrome sample has been identified by IFM; the results demonstrated the major binding media in Qin’s was egg white. ELISA and IFM complement each other, not only can realize the fast, cost-effective, microscale analysis, but offer the possibility of spatially resolving target proteins in embedded cross-sections. The organic combination of ELISA and IFM was more suitable for the detection of precious relics. |
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