| ObjectivesTo analyze the status of the prevalence of diabetes in Pingliang City of Gansu Province since2014,and to investigate and evaluate the nutritional status of adults?aged 18 and above?with type2 diabetes.It is hoped that starting from improving the dietary behaviors of this population,regional nutrition intervention strategies and measures will be formulated to provide evidence for the prevention and control of the occurrence and development of the disease.MethodsThe national basic public health service system was used to collect and analyze data on the prevalence of diabetes among adults in Pingliang City since 2014.Patients with type 2 diabetes were used as the study object,and people with similar geographical areas,age,similar living habits,and physical activity were selected as control group.A consecutive 3-day 24-hour dietary questionnaire and dietary frequency questionnaire were completed by them.A dietary balance index method was established and used to assess their dietary quality,combined with physical measurements and laboratory biochemical measurements to comprehensively analyze the dietary nutritional status and influencing factors of the population.Results1.The prevalence of diabetes among adults in Pingliang City from 2014 to 2017The average prevalence of diabetes among adults in Pingliang City from 2014 to 2017 was4.88%.The total number of cumulative patients rose year by year,the number of newly-increased patients annually was also rising,and the annual prevalence rate was found to show a significant upward trend?P<0.001?.More attention need to be paid into this severe situation.The prevalence varies among counties.87.86%of the patients aged 50 years and above,and the proportion of female patients was higher than that of men.2.Dietary status of type 2 diabetes among adults in Pingliang City2.1 The dietary pattern of type 2 diabetes among adults in Pingliang City was dominated by plant-based foods.Intake of grains and beans,salt in patients with type 2 diabetes was higher than the recommended amounts,while intake of fruits,fish,shrimp,eggs,soy,nuts,and milk of type 2diabetic patients was less than the recommended amounts.There were statistically significant differences in the intake of vegetables,fruits,eggs and salt between the two groups?P<0.05?.2.2 Diet Balance Index evaluation results indicated that the population had problems of slightly excessive food intake,slightly inadequate food intake and moderate dietary imbalance.The proportion of moderately inadequate intake in the two groups was similar,and the proportion of people with high levels of excessive intake and high levels of dietary imbalance in type 2diabetic patients was higher than the control group.There were 6 types of dietary patterns in people with type 2 diabetes?A,B,C,D,E,F?,of which pattern B was the highest?38.46%?,followed by pattern E?35.90%?.2.3 The intake of energy,carbohydrate,and dietary fiber in adult type 2 diabetes in Pingliang City was lower than the recommended amounts,and the intake of protein and fat is close to the recommended amounts.The intake of energy,protein,fat and cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients were higher than those in control group,while the fiber intake was lower than that in control population?P<0.05?.Dietary fiber intake of type 2 diabetics aged 50 years and over was lower than that of the control population.The intake of energy,protein,fat,and cholesterol in type2 diabetes aged 65 years and over were higher than those of the control group,while the intake of carbohydrate was lower?P<0.05?.2.4 The intakes of phosphorus,sodium,copper,and manganese in both groups were higher than the recommended amounts,while the intakes of calcium,iodine,zinc,and selenium were all lower than the recommended amounts.The intake of sodium in type 2 diabetes was higher than that in the control group,and the intake of potassium and copper was lower than that in the control group?P<0.05?.2.5 The intakes of VA,VB1,VB2,VC and VPP in both groups were lower than the recommended amounts.The intake of VA and VC in type 2 diabetes was lower than that in the control group?P<0.05?.2.6 The energy supply ratios of the three major nutrients in adult type 2 diabetes in Pingliang City were all within the recommended ranges,while the energy ratio of lunch was higher than the recommended range.Men's energy ratio of lunch was higher than that of the control group and women was lower than the control group.2.7 The food sources for energy,protein,and carbohydrates in the two groups were mainly cereals and beans and fat-was mainly based on cooking oils?including vegetable oils and animal oils?.2.8 The mean dietary frequency score?33.84±8.42 points?and pass rate?8.33%?of adult type2 diabetes were lower than those of the control group?35.98±8.84 points,12.80%?.3.The proportions of overweight and obesity?26.92%,14.10%?in adults with type 2diabetes were higher than those in the control group?20.73%,2.44%?.The rates of central obesity in men and women?28.85%and 26.92%?were also higher than those in the control group?15.85%,22.56%?.The serum high-density lipoprotein value was higher than normal value,which was significantly different from the control group?P<0.05?.Conclusions1.The prevalence of diabetes among adults with type 2 diabetes in Pingliang City increased from year to year from 2014 to 2017,but it was still lower than the national level.The patients were mainly concentrated in the age group of 50 and above.2.The overall dietary quality of people with type 2 diabetes was moderate dietary imbalance,including the problems of slightly excessive and inadequate food intake.People with type 2diabetes had lower intakes of energy,carbohydrates,dietary fiber than the recommended amounts,and intakes of protein and fat were close to the recommended amounts.Compared with the control population,intake of energy,protein,fat,and cholesterol was higher,and dietary fiber intake was lower.Problems of inadequate and excessive intake of minerals coexist,and intakes of some energy metabolism related vitamin were insufficient.The food source was relatively single,and the energy distribution of three meals was irrational.3.The proportions of overweight,obesity and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes were higher.4.There was a certain relationship between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and dietary behavior and preferences. |
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