Investigation On Status Of Nutrition And Aerobic Exercise For Pregnant Women In Lanzhou City

Objectives Through a survey of the nutritional status and aerobic exercise status of pregnant women in Lanzhou urban area,combined with pregnancy complications and the pregnancy outcomes,analyzing the influencing factors,in order to establish targeted local dietary nutrition and aerobic exercise guidance models and provide data reference to improve the quality of health care services during pregnancy,.Methods Select pregnant women who build a pregnancy test card at a three-tiered Maternity and Childcare Hospital of Lanzhou and receive pregnancy care guidance and questionnaires during 2016 to 2017.The situation of the health status and health care services of the population was analysis comprehensively from the aspects of body composition,dietary nutrition,aerobic exercise and delivery outcomes.Results1.Nutrition status of pregnant women1.1 Body composition and basal metabolism of pregnant womenThere was a statistically significant difference in muscle weight,fat weight,fat free weight and percentage of body fat in different age groups and the proportion of obese people in the29-year-old group was the highest?P<0.05?There was no difference in basal metabolism among different age groups?P>0.05?but there was difference in different pregnancy periods?P<0.05?,the third trimester is higher than the first trimester and the second trimester1.2 Diet status of pregnant women1.2.1 Dietary intake of pregnant womenUsing the adjusted DBI index to evaluate the diet of pregnant women,the results show that the proportion of people whose cereal intake reached the recommended value accounted for a high proportion,accounting for 76.37%;the proportion of people with insufficient poultry meat accounted for a high proportion,accounting for 79.54%.Insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits is 67.85%and 12.55%respectively,and over 50%of people in milk and aquatic products is insufficient intake and more than 80%of people have excessive oil and salt intake.The percentage of pregnant women who reraly eat milk and their products,beans and their products,meat,eggs and all kinds of seafood is 19.1%,25.5%,7.4%,17.2%,47.7%respectively.The intake of vegetables,fruits,seafood and eggs has obvious seasonal characteristics,especially fruit intake,summer and autumn are more than those in winter and spring and are mainly fruits with high sugar fruits.Comparing dietary intake during different periods of pregnancy,the degree of overdose is not different in the different trimesters?P>0.05?but the degree of insufficient intake is most severe in the third trimester and lightest in the second trimester.More than 90%of the subjects have low-to-moderate dietary imbalances.The dietary pattern A is the highest proportion in the three trimesters reaching 56.64%,followed by the pattern D,the proportion of the entire pregnancy period reaches 29.78%.The dietary pattern of pregnant women is unsuitable in Lanzhou city.1.2.2 Nutrient intake status of pregnant womenThe intake of various nutrients is not statistically different in each gestation?P>0.05?.Compared with the RNI or AI of pregnancy,the results show that many nutrients intake such as VD,VB₁,VB₂,folic acid,calcium,magnesium,selenium,and iodine are lower than the recommended value.90.13%of respondents took nutritional supplements during pregnancy.Consumption rate of folic acid is the highest reaching 84.65%and followed by calcium,the rate of use reaches 22.11%.In terms of protein,fat,and carbohydrate energy ratios,the ratio of energy supply for protein and carbohydrates during each pregnancy was reasonable,and the ratio of fat supply to the early,middle,and late third trimesters was greater than the recommended energy ratio?P<0.05?.2.Aerobic exercise status of pregnant womenPregnant women who stopped work,did not perform housework,and had no extra exercise in pregnancy accounted for 52.92%,55.18%,and 19.55%of the respondents,respectively.There is no difference in the constituent ratio of pregnant women between doing housework and exercising during different pregnancy periods?P>0.05?,but the proportion of pregnant women who is still working in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy is lower than that of the first trimester,with the advancement of pregnancy,the total time for various activities has gradually declined.67.69%of pregnant women do not intend to participate in or study special exercise courses for pregnant women.3.Pregnancy outcomes of pregnant womenEutocia,forceps delivery and caesarean section are account for 72.29%,3.46%and 24.25%respectively.The rate of eutocia,perineal tear degree,blood loss and labor of primipara are all higher than those of multipara.Among all newborns,the proportion of premature and prolonged pregnancies between male infants and female infants,male infants is 5.86%and 0.22%female infants is 4.27%and0.36%.There is no statistical difference in gestational age at newborns between different genders?P>0.05?,but the distribution of gestational age infant is different between different genders?P<0.05?,the large for gestational infant proportion of male infants is higher than female.Pregnant women who are overweight or obese in pre-pregnancy period is easier to give birth to a macrosomia.Conclusions The diet of pregnant women in Lanzhou city is dominated by plant-based foods.The intake of vegetables,fruits,aquatic products and eggs is higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring.Comparing intakes of various nutrients during different pregnancy periods,the proportion of individuals with insufficient intake is higher,and the proportion of people with appropriate intake is lower and the degree of dietary imbalance in the third trimester is the most obvious.Pregnant women lack of aerobic exercise during pregnancy and as pregnancy progresses,it tends to decrease and there is a lack of professional exercise and exercise guidance.