The Ralationship Of Lifestyle And Fat Distribution And Fat Metabolism In Subjects With Abdominal Obesity

Objective Subjects with abdominal obesity in a community were selected in this study.We were aimed to investigate the relationship of lifestyle and fat distribution in selected subjects;to testify the association between functional high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and plasma levels of adipokine;to explore the effect of functional HDL on oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)-induced secretion of adipokines in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes,and to demonstrate its potential mechanism.This research would provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of abdominal obesity.Methods Community-based research In the present study,328 subjects with abdominal obesity in Zhoudian community of Tai'an city were included.And questionnaires on lifestyle were used to obtain the demographic data.In addition,the characteristics of body fat content and distribution in objects were detected by the body composition analyzer from June to September in 2015.Fundamental research 1.Levels of serum functional HDL-C,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?),visfatin and resisitin in 34 subjects with abdominal obesity were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship of functional HDL-C and TNF-?,visfatin,resistin.2.3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured and differentiated into mature adipocytes in vitro.The adipocytes were pretreated with functional HDL at different concentrations(0 ?g/ml,25 ?g/ml,75 ?g/ml,100 ?g/ml)or endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)inhibitor PBA(2 mmol/l)for 2 hours,followed by incubation with ox-LDL(100 ?g/ml)or ERSinducer tunicamycin(TM 2 ?g/ml)for 48 hours.Moreover,adipocytes were incubated with ox-LDL(100 ?g/ml)for 48 hours in a combination with HDL for different intervention time(0 h,12 h,24 h,36 h).Visfatin and resistin levels in cell medium were measured by the ELISA kits.The expressions of phosphorylated protein kinase-like ER kinase(p-Perk),phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2?(p-EIF2?),C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)and glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78/BIP)in adipocytes were detected by Western Blot.Results Community-based research 1.There were significant differences between males and females with abdominal obesity in the body water,fat-free mass,basal metabolism,total body fat percent,trunk fat percent,left arm fat percent,right arm fat percent,left leg fat percent and right leg fat percent(P<0.05).2.Each part of body fat percent in various age male groups with abdominal obesity were significantly different(P<0.05).Similarly,the female total body and trunk fat percent were significantly different(P<0.05).However,left arm,right arm,left leg and right leg fat percent were not statistically different(P>0.05).3.The trunk fat percent was remarkably different between smokers and non-smokers with abdominal obesity(P<0.05).Also the differences of total body and trunk fat percent were statistically significant between drinkers and non-drinkers with abdominal obesity(P<0.05).4.Groups of various eating speed with abdominal obesity had markedly different total body,trunk,left arm and right arm fat percent(P<0.05).5.Abdominal obesity subjects with different frequency of intaking vegetables had significantly different total body and trunk fat percent(P<0.05).The total body,trunk,left arm and right arm percent were statistically different in the abdominal obesity cases with various frequency intaking fruits(P<0.05).And abdominal obesity subjects with various frequency intaking milk,milk products and grease had statistically different trunk fat percent(P<0.05).The trunk percent were statistically different in the abdominal obesity cases with various frequency in taking beans and bean products(P<0.05).6.Differences of total body,trunk,left arm and right arm fat percent were remarkably significant in abdominal obesity groups with different length of sports(P<0.05).And abdominal obesity groups with various exercise intensity had significantly different in total body,trunk,left arm,right arm,left leg and right leg fat percent(P<0.05).Fundamental research 1.A negative correlation was uncovered between serum levels of visfatin and functional HDL-C in the group with abdominal obesity.Similarly,the correlation of HDL-C with resistin and TNF-? was also found(P<0.05).2.Compared with the control group,secretions of visfatin and resistin increased after the adipocytes were incubated with ox-LDL(100?g/ml)for 48 hours(P<0.05).Whereas visfatin and resistin secretion was markedly attenuated by pretreatment with functional HDL(100?g/ml)in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).After the treatment with ox-LDL(100?g/ml)for 48 hours in a combination with functional HDL(100?g/ml)for various working time(0h,12 h,24h,46h),visfatin and resistin in the adipocytes had markedly decreased levels by pretreatment with functional HDL in a time-dependent manner(P <0.05).3.After pretreatment with functional HDL(100?g/ml)or PBA(2 mmol/l)for 2 hours,adipocytes were administrated with ox-LDL(100?g/ml)48 hours.Similar to PBA,functional HDL blocked the increased visfatin and resistin secretion induced by ox-LDL(P<0.05).After pretreatment with functional HDL(100?g/ml)for 2 hours,followed by incubation with TM(2?g/ml)for 24 hours,adipocytes had increased secretions of visfatin and resistin elicited by TM(P<0.01),which were also inhibited by functional HDL pretreatment(P<0.05).4.Compared with the control group,ox-LDL promoted the expression of phosphorylated PERK,phosphorylated e IF2?,Bip and CHOP(P<0.05)in the group of pretreatment with functional HDL(100 ?g/ml)or PBA(2 mmol/l)for 2 hours,followed by incubation with ox-LDL(100 ?g/ml)for 48 hours.However,group of pretreatment with functional HDL and PBA had significantly declined expression of phosphorylated PERK,phosphorylated e IF2?,Bip and CHOP treated with ox-LDL(P<0.05).After pretreatment with functional HDL(100 ?g/ml)for 2 hours,followed by incubation with TM(2 ?g/ml)for 24 hours.Compared with the control group,TM had increased expressions of phosphorylated PERK,phosphorylated e IF2?,Bip and CHOP(P<0.05).Howeve,pretreatment with functional HDL inhibited TM-induced the expression of phosphorylated PERK,phosphorylated e IF2?,Bip and CHOP(P<0.05).Conclusions Community-based research 1.There are different body composition and fat distribution between males and females with abdominal obesity.2.Age is one of the factors affecting fat distribution in subjects with abdominal obesity.3.The trunk fat percent was remarkably higher in the group of smokers compared to non-smokers.Also drinkers had statistically increased total body and trunk fat percent in comparision with non-drinkers.4.Groups of eating faster with abdominal obesity had markedly higher total body,trunk,left arm and right arm fat percent.5.Abdominal obesity subjects with higher frequency of intaking vegetables had significantly decreased total body and trunk fat percent.Groups of higher frequency intaking beans and bean products with abdominal obesity had statistically decreased trunk fat percent.The total body,trunk,left arm and right arm percent were statistically declined in the abdominal obesity cases with higher frequency intaking fruits.And groups of higher frequency intaking milk,milk products and grease with abdominal obesity had statistically increased trunk fat percent.6.The total body,trunk,left arm and right arm fat percent were remarkably decreased in abdominal obesity groups with longer length of sports.And abdominal obesity groups with more intensive exercise had significantly declined total body,trunk,left arm,right arm,left leg and right leg fat percent.Fundamental research 1.A negative correlation was manifested between functional serum levels of HDL-C and adipokines(visfatin,resistin,TNF-?)in subjects with abdominal obesity.2.Functional HDL could suppress ox-LDL-induced activation of ERS signaling pathway in adipocytes and further inhibit the secretion of adipokines.