A Comparative Analysis Of Health Status,Influencing Factors And Urban-rural Differences Of Longevity Elderly In Central Fujian Province

[Objective]To understand the health status,influencing factors and urban-rural differences of longevity elderly in central Fujian province,to find their main health problems.To guide the elderly to carry forward the health favorable factors and to reduce or eliminate the health adverse factors.To explore the status quo of longevity in central Fujian province and its possible influencing factors,focusing on studying longevity phenomenon from the perspective of environmental factors.To provide a scientific basis for the plan of health and longevity for population in Fujian province.[Methods]According to descriptive survey research methods,wesurveyed longevity elderly、longevity family children and non-longevity family children in central Fujian province.We used self-designed questionnaire to conducte household surveys through face to face interviews.Taking strict quality control in the various stages of the investigation.Using Epidata 3.1 for data entry,using SPSS17.0 software for data analysis.[Results]1.The prevalence rate of chronic diseases in the longevity elderly in central Fujian province was 75.3%.The prevalence rate of chronic diseases in the longevity elderly in Gulou district was 86.2%,which was higher than that in Xianyou county(65.7%),the difference was statistically significant between them(χ2=42.963,P<0.001).According to the prevalence,the top five chronic diseases of longevity elderly in central Fujian province were hypertension(43.3%),cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases(24.5%),cataract(19.7%),osteoarthritis(17.5%)and chronic gastropathy(11.3%).2.The annual hospitalization rate of longevity elderly in central Fujian province was 21.8%.The annual hospitalization rate of longevity elderly in Gulou district was 26.1%,the annual hospitalization rate of longevity elderly in Xianyou county was 17.9%,the difference was statistically significant by chi-square test(χ2=4.851,P=0.028).The first five reasons for hospitalization of longevity elderly in central Fujian province were followed by coronary heart disease,fracture,lung disease,stroke and the failure of high blood pressure control.3.In central Fujian province,there were 50.5% longevity elderly had good hearing and there are 49.5% had poor hearing.In the cognitive function,longevity elderly with normal cognitive function accounted for 62.9%,longevity elderly with cognitive impairment accounted for 37.1%.The proportion of poor hearing and cognitive impairment in Gulou district was lower than that in Xianyou county,and the difference was statistically significant by chi-square test(χ2=6.211,P=0.013;χ2=17.767,P<0.001).In the area of mental health,the average standard scores of social function,mental health and emotional function of longevity elderly people in Gulou district were higher than those in Xianyou county,and the difference was statistically significant by t test(P<0.001).4.The proportion of discomfort in the past two weeks of longevity elderly in central Fujian province was 63.2%.In terms of self-care ability,25.2% can be completely self-care,56.3% were mildly dependent,12.3% were moderate dependent,5.0% were heavily dependent,and 1.2% were completely dependent.In the self-evaluation of overall health status,10.6% think their overall health status is "very good",28.5% think "very good",19.7% think "good",27.7% think "general",and 13.6% think "bad".There were no significant differences in the proportion of discomfort in the past two weeks,self-care ability and healthy subjective evaluation between in Gulou district and Xianyou county(P> 0.05).5.Ordinal logistics regression analysis showed that suffering from bone and joint disease,the number of chronic diseases,female and no less than 95 years old may be the independent risk factors of self-care ability damage of longevity elderly in central Fujian province.While high degree of education may be the protection factor.6.In the Gulou district,high level of education,high life satisfaction may be the favorable factors of longevity,while sweet diet taste may be the unfavorable factor.7.In Xianyou county,fixed eating time,good health self-evaluation,good family function and high life satisfaction may be the favorable factors of longevity.While oil diet taste,salty diet taste,sweet diet taste,drinking and diabetes may be the unfavorable factors.[Conclusions]1.The prevalence of chronic diseases in longevity elderly in central Fujian is high and the self-care ability is at a low level.In the field of mental health of lifequality,social function has the lowest score.2.The prevalence of chronic diseases and the annual hospitalization rate of longevity elderly in Gulou district were higher than that in Xianyou county;while the hearing status,cognitive function and mental health quality of life of longevity elderly in Gulou district were better than that in Xianyou County.3.Suffering from bone and joint disease,the number of chronic diseases,female and no less than 95 years old may be the independent risk factors of self-care ability damage of longevity elderly in central Fujian province,while high degree of education may be the protection factor.4.In the Gulou district,high level of education,high life satisfaction may be the favorable factors of longevity,while sweet diet taste may be the unfavorable factor.5.In Xianyou county,fixed eating time,good health self-evaluation,good family function and high life satisfaction may be the favorable factors of longevity.While oil diet taste,salty diet taste,sweet diet taste,drinking and diabetes may be the unfavorable factors.