Position And Symmetry Of 11 Pairs Of Skeletal Landmarks On The Surface Of 100 Adults Of Han Nationality

Objective:To study of skeletal landmarks on the surface of skull to identify position and symmetry of each landmark.Method:Eleven pairs of skeletal landmarks on complete skull of Han nationality adults(80 male skulls,20 female skulls)were marked.Photographic superimposition was used to collect images,all the images were imported to Adobe Photoshop cs6.The distance from landmark to nasion and the angle between facial midline and the line connecting landmark to nasion were measured,the symmetry of each landmark were analyzed.Result:The mean values and standard deviations of distance and angle in males and females were obtained.The symmetries of the supraorbital foramen,fronlomalare orbitale,lateral orbital tubercle,mentale and gonion are better than the other landmarks on male skulls,while the supraorbital foramen,lateral orbital tubercle,infraorbital foramen and gonion are better than the others on female skulls.The positions of frontomalare temporale,lateral orbital tubercle and infraorbital foramen are fixed on both of male and female skulls.The symmetries of the landmarks aroud the eyepit(except ectoconchion and orbitale)are better than the other parts of skull.Conclusion:The findings can be used to identify the location of each landmark on skull surface and repair broken and incomplete skull,which is a correction indicator to repair broken and incomplete skull.