The Dietary Status And Association Analysis Of Vitamin D And Inflammatory Cytokines With Body Composition In Tianjin Urban Adults

ObjectiveThis study was conducted on the medical physical examination,dietary survey,body composition measurement,serum vitamin D and inflammatory cytokines detection in adults among community of Tianjinand analyzed the main dietary patterns,and discussed the association between vitamin D levels and inflammation cytokines and body composition to findthe nutritional status and the effects of vitamin D and inflammatory cytokines on body composition of this population,which may provide reasonable guidance for population health.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a routine annual health check-up performed in Health Education and Guidance Center of Heping District.A total number of 4323 participants were asked to finish the physical examination and laboratory test.Dietary intakes and lifestyle surveys were investigated with the combination of 3d24 h dietary recall method and food frequency method.The body composition was measured using a Inbody720 analyzer.Vitamin D was detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Inflammatory cytokines detection of ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Dietary patterns were derived by using principal component analysis.Statistical analysis was carried out on dietary nutrients.Logistic regression was used to analysis the relationship between vitamin D levels and body composition.The relationship between inflammatory cytokines and body composition was analyzed by partial correlation.Results1.General situation: The levels of body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),waist to hip ratio(WHR),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),triglyceride(TG)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)of male were higher than that of female(P<0.05),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)level was lower than that of female(P<0.05).Visceral fat area(VFA)and fat free mass index(FFMI)of male were higher than that of female(P<0.05);serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] level,(percent body fat(PBF)and body fat index(FMI)were lower than that of female(P<0.05).The result of comparison between three groups of vitamin D deficiency,lack and adequate showed that age,TC,LDL-C,VFA and FFMI levels of male showed a trend of decreasing(P<0.05);fasting blood glucose(FPG)and 25(OH)D3 levels showed an increasing trend(P<0.05).Age,WC,SBP,DBP,TC,TG,LDL-C,FPG,VFA,PBF,FMI and FFMI levels of female were decreased(P<0.05);HDL-C and 25(OH)D3 levels showed a trend of increasing(P<0.05).In addition,the level of resistin(RES)of male was higher than that of female(P<0.05).2.Dietary and nutritional status: Three dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis.The male and female have the same dietary patterns.Factor 1 was defined as vegetable-fruit pattern and included high intakes of vegetables,chuangsuan,algae and fruits.Factor 2,identified as visceral-snack pattern,which was characterized by high intakes of visceral,desserts,fast food and wine.Factor 3,the meat pattern,was typified by cereals,red meat,eggs and products.The intakes of valley potato,beans and fruits and vegetables were positively correlated with age,but the intakes of meat,visceral,fast food and seasoning were negatively correlated with age in both sexes(P<0.05).Compared with the recommended amount of Chinese balanced diet pagoda,the intakes of aquatic products were low and milk and dairy products intake was seriously insufficient in male and female.The analysis of the three nutrients supply and energy ratio showed that the energy supply of three major macronutrients were to meet the basic functional requirements in both sexes,the energy supply of proteinwas slightly higher.Compared with the recommended intake,retinol,thiamine,riboflavin,calcium and selenium were inadequate intake,vitamin C,vitamin E,ironandzinc intakes basically met the recommended.Amount of women,retinol,thiamin,riboflavin,calciumandseleniumintakes were not enough,the intakes of vitamin C,vitamin E,iron,zinc and selenium were basically met the recommended amount.The intake of goodprotein which derived from animal foods and legumes was exceeded 1/3 of all protein intake,the quality of protein was better in both sexes.3.Serum vitamin D and body composition: The prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency in male was 32.37% and in female was 22.72%,which was highest in the 70-age group.There was a significant negative correlation between vitamin D and body composition index(BMI、WC、WHR、VFA、PBF、FMI and FFMI)(P<0.05).In male,compared with vitamin D sufficient group,the levels of VFA and PBF in deficiency group were higher and WC,WHR and BMI levels were increased(P<0.05),in female,compared with vitamin D sufficient group,the levels of FMI and FFMI were higher,at the same time,WC and BMI levels were also increased(P<0.05).4.Inflammatory cytokines and body composition: The serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and leptin(LEP)and BMI,WC and WHR were positively correlated in male(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in other indexes(VFA、PBF、FMI and FFMI)(P>0.05).In female,serum TNF-and LEP and BMI,WC,WHR,VFA,PBF,FMI and FFMI were significantly positive correlattion(P<0.05),serum ADP and BMI,WC,VFA,PBF,FMI and FFMI showed a significant negative correlation(P<0.05),serum resistin(RES)showed a significant positive correlation with WC,WHR,VFA,PBF,FMI and FFMI(P<0.05),serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and PBF and FMI were positively correlated(P<0.05).Conclusion1.Dietary pattern: The dietary patterns of male and female in Tianjin community were vegetable fruit pattern,visceral snack pattern and meat pattern.Vegetable fruit pattern was the main dietary pattern.The energy supply ratio of three nutrients is basically reasonable.Protein quality is better.But the diet of this part of the crowd was unbalance,low intake of aquatic products,the consumption of dairy products was severely insufficie,some of the vitamins(retinol,thiamin,riboflavin)and minerals(calcium,selenium)were not enough.2.Vitamin D and body composition: The rate of vitamin D deficiency in adults of community of Tianjin was higher.The lower serum vitamin D level,the higher body fat content.This prompts that obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency.3.Inflammatory cytokines and body composition: There was a strong positive correlation between the levels of serum inflammation cytokines(TNF-α,LEP,ADP,RES,IL-6)and body compositionindicators(BMI,WC,WHR,VFA,PBF,FMI,FFM),this suggests that inflammatory response was associated with obesity.