The Research On The Bioactive Constituents Of The Roots Of Hairy Fig(Ficus Hirta Vahl.)

The roots of hairy fig known as Cantonese ginseng,are the air-dry roots of Ficus hirta.Hairy fig is widely distributed in Guangdong,Guangxi,Fujian,Yunnan and Hong Kong.It is a famous herb used by Hakka people in southern China for treating insufficiency of the spleen,tuberculosis,weakness,rheumatism,night sweat,agalactia and et al.At present,there were many research on the genus of Ficus,but few reports about the chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of hairy fig,and no report on its pharmacological constituents.According to the literatures,the coumarins,flavonoids,volatile oils and et al were isolated from hairy fig,which exerted antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antiviral and antitumor effects.The purpose of this study was to clarify the bioactive constituents and searching for new lead compounds from the roots of hair fig.Seventy compounds were obtained from the roots of hairy fig in the current study.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis(HRESI-MS,NMR,IR,UV)and physic-chemical characters.There were thirty phenylpropanoids: psoralen(1),umbelliferon(2),7-(2',3'-dihydroxy-3'-methylbutoxy)-coumarin(3),(1?S)-6-(2?-hydroxy-1'-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl)-7-hy droxycoumarin(4*),nodakenetin(5),1'-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl(2R,3S)-3-hydroxy nodakenetin(6),(Z)-3-[5-(6-methoxy)benzofuranyl] propenoic acid(7*),(Z)-iso psoralic acid 1?6-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(8),(Z)-3-[5-(6-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl)benzofuranyl] methyl propenoate(9*),(E)-3-[5-(6-methoxy)benzofuranyl] propenoic acid(10),(E)-isopsoralic acid 1?6-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(11),(E)-3-[5-(6-hydroxy)benzofuranyl] propenoic acid(12),methylcnidioside A(13),3-[6-(5-O-?-D-glucopy ranosyl)benzofuranyl] methyl propionate(14*),ferulaldehyde(15),trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid(16),2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)-propan-1-one(17),?-hydroxy propiovanillone(18),7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol(19),2-[4-(3-hydro xypropyl)-2-methoxy phenoxy] propane-1,3-diol(20),3-methoxy-4-(1-propionyloxy-5-methoxycarboxyl-pentyloxy)-(E)-formylvinyl(21*),(7R,8S)-ficusal(22),ficuscarpa noside A(23),(1R,2R,5R,6S)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo [3,3,0] octan-2-ol(24),(1R,2R,5R,6S)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicy clo [3,3,0] octan-2-ol(25),(?)-pinoresinol(26),syringaresinol(27),S-3-[2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-benzofuranyl] methyl propionate(28*),(?)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-alde hyde(29),(+)-(7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde(30);egiht phenolics: vanillin(31),vanillic acid(32),p-hydroxy benzoic acid(33),syringic acid(34),ficuglucoside(35),evofolin-B(36),(8R)-4,5'-dihydroxy-8-hydroxymehtyl-3'-methoxy deoxybenzoin(37*),apigenin(38);seven terpenes: ?-amyrin(39),oleanolic acid(40),olean-12-ene-11?-methoxy-3?-acetate(41),?-amyrin(42),ursolic acid(43),lupeol(44),1,5-epoxy-4-hydroxyguai-11(13)-en-12-oic acid(45);ten sterols:(24S)-24-ethylcholesta-3?,5?,6?-triol(46),?-sito sterol(47),?-daucosterol(48),24-methylene cycloartanol(49),stigmasta-5,22-diene-3?,7?-diol(50),7-ketositosterol(51),7?-hydroxysitosterol(52),?-sitosteryl-3?-gluco pyranoside-6'-O-palmitate(53),7-ketositosterol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(54),7?-hydroxy-4,22-stigmastadien-3-one(55);fifteen other types: 1,3,5-trimethoxy benzene(56),3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl-1-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(57),3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-1-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(58),3,4,5-trimethoxyphenoltetraacetyl-?-D-glucopyrano side(59),phenyl ?-D-glucopyranoside(60),benzyl O-?-D-apiofuranosyl-(1?2)-?-Dglucopyranoside(61),(2S)-1-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-2-O-[2-methoxy-4-phenylalde hyde] propane-3-ol(62*),(1'S,6'R)-8'-hydroxyabscisic acid O-?-D-glucoside(63),1-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2?R)-2?-hydroxypalmitoylamino]-8-octade cene-1,3,4-triol(64),?-adenosine(65),1-ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethyl-quinoxaline(66),?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?1')-3'-amino-3'-deoxy-?-D-glu copyranoside(67),2',3'-dihydroxy propylpent adecanoat(68),stearic acid(69),linoleic acid(70).Except compounds 1,2,16,33,38,39,42,47,48,69,70,other 29 compounds were isolation for the first time from the roots of hair fig.There were six new phenylpropanoids compounds(4,7,9,14,21,28),one new phenolic compound(37)and one new phenyl derivative(62)isolated and purified from the roots of hairy fig.Furthermore,the isolated compounds,75% ethanol extracts,and three fractions of chloroform,ethyl acetate and n-butanol were all evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.Compounds 3,4,15,17,18,22,25-28,36,38,45,46,53,55-59,61,63 and 65 exhibited pronounced inhibitory effects on the lipopolysaccharides induced nitric oxide production in Raw264.7 cells with IC50 10.10-59.86 ?mol/L(IC50 for the positive control indomethacin: 48.3 ± 2.8 ?mol/L).