Effects Of PM2.5 On Respiratory Diseases

Background: In recent years,air pollution is grim,and the haze occurrences frequently.And the fine particulate matter(PM2.5),which is one of the important constituents in haze,plays the most important role in causing adverse health effects.Respiratory system is a relatively ope n system in the human body.The relationship between respiratory system and the atmospheric environment is very close.Studies have shown that most respiratory diseases are closely related to atmospheric environmental particulate matter,and atmospheric particulate matter has a significant effect on the development of respiratory diseases.The influence PM2.5 is most impressive.Objective: To explore the role of atmospheric PM2.5 in the development of respiratory diseases.Methods: Consult about the latest study on the relationship between PM2.5 and respiratory diseases.The epidemiological characteristics and basic research progress of various diseases(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,asthma,lung cancer,pulmonary interstitial fibrosis,pneumonia,etc.)were analyzed synthetically.Design: Review.Conclusion:1.PM2.5 is complex variability,its composition and concentration levels are not the same in different time and space.China is a highly polluted area of PM2.5.The compounds of PM2.5 are complex,including organic compounds(bacteria,fungi,spores,compounds,endotoxins,etc.)and inorganic components(metals,ions,inorganic salts,etc.).2.PM2.5,which is involved in the respiratory system of human,participates in the development and development of respiratory diseases through oxidative stress,oxidative damage,inflammatory reaction and immune damage.3.The long-term exposure of PM2.5 was significantly associated with the occurrence of COPD.PM2.5 can accelerate the occurrence and development of COPD by inducing and aggravating the airway and systemic inflammatory response,immune imbalance,oxidative stress,and reducing the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages.4.PM2.5 can participate in the pathogenesis of asthma by aggravating the degree of allergic airway inflammation,regulating the immune response and the release of proinflammatory factors,and the susceptibility of different populations to PM2.5 is also different.PM2.5 is associated with the overlap of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.5.PM2.5 is an important risk factor for lung cancer,which is closely related to the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer.PM2.5 by the abnormal regulation of the expression of different genes leading to cell phenotype change,and promote the occurrence of lung cancer,PM2.5 can promote the formation of new blood vessels,thus promoting the progression of lung cancer,invasion and distant metastasis in lung cancer.6.PM2.5 is related to the occurrence and progression of pulmonary fibrosis.AT II epithelial cells can undergo EMT,and may be the possible cause of interstitial fibrosis.TGF-beta can induce epithelial mesenchymal transition.The exposure of PM2.5 pushes the progression of these pathological processes by direct and indirect activation of TGF-beta.In addition,PM2.5 exposure may additionally enhance the interaction between the original ECM stiffness and the TGF-beta.7.PM2.5 may have some association with the onset of tuberculosis.PM2.5 induces down-regulation of HBD-2 and HBD-3 senescence and expression in epithelial cells,resulting in enhanced growth of Tuberculosis,which may result in infection and progression of tuberculosis.8.PM2.5 exposure was positively related to upper respiratory tract infections,acute bronchitis,community-acquired pneumonia and bronchiectasis,and infection in outpatient visits.PM2.5 exposure will increase mortality in elderly patients with pneumonia.Exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy increases the susceptibility of the fetus to respiratory infections in childhood and may contribute to the development of respiratory problems in early childhood.