| Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristic of hypertensive prevalence and its risk factors in women of Gansu province,and analyze the influence of these risk factors such as age,education level,Body Mass Index(BMI),etal on female hypertension.To make focus on postmenopausal hypertension,and obtain the relationship between menopause and cardiovascular diseases or stroke.Methods: During Jan.2013 to Mar.2014,a random stratified cluster sampling of women aged15 years or older was used in 14 regions of Gansu province.14 000 female residents were investigated by face-to-face questionnaires,and physical measurements at the same time.All of the investigators and statisticians were well trained before the survey.The data of the questionnaires were input by EpiData3.1 statistical software and analyzed by using SPSS statistics software 19.0.Normally distributed Continuous variables were statistically described as mean values ± standard deviations and were tested by t test.The correlation of two continuous variables were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Categorical variables were described as frequencies or percentage,and were tested by the ?2 test.For all comparisons,P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.To evaluate the relation between hypertension and its risk factors,univariate regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the odds ratio of hypertension.Results: The prevalence of female hypertension in Gansu province was 27.6%,and the standardized prevalence was 24.3%.The awareness rate,oral mediation rate and the control rate were 49.8%,38.2%,19.5%.The difference of the hypertensive prevalence between urban and rural in women were not statistically significant(28.1% vs 27.1%).The hypertensive prevalence among different age groups was various,with age increasing,the prevalence rose.There were statistically significant in different education level groups,body mass index groups or occupations groups,respectively(P<0.05).The prevalence of hypertension in women with diabetes mellitus was 34.8%,and in women with family history of hypertension was 29.9%.Univariate logistic regression showed that age,BMI,education attainment,liquor consumption,etal were associatedwith hypertension.(2)The prevalence of prehypertension was 38.0%,and the standardized prevalence was 38.4%,,with the highest morbidity between 45-54 and 55-64 age group,which were 43.1% and 42.0%.(3)The average age of menarche and menopause were(15.4±1.9)and(47.8±7.1).The number of premenopausal women were 8 019,and postmenopausal women were 5 346,the difference of hypertensive prevalence between which was obviously statistically significant(19.6% and 39.6%,P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed there were positive correlation between age at menarche and systolic blood pressure(SBP)or diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(P<0.05),and positively correlation between age at menopause and SBP,negative correlation age at menopause and DBP.Multiple Logistic regression analysis shows that age,menopause,central obesity,work,smoking,et al were risk factors for postmenopausal hypertensive women,and education level,low-fat-diet were protective factors.(4)There were about almost 2.9% and 0.8% of individuals with coronary heart disease and stroke.In premenopausal and postmenopausal women,the incidence of coronary heart disease were 2.5%and 3.5% respectively,and the difference between which was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of stroke between premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 0.7% and 1.1%respectively,and the difference between which was statistically significant(P < 0.05).In high-normal blood pressure women,the morbidity of coronary heart disease and stroke were 1.5times higher in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women.(6)Among 1787 patients who took medicine regularly,83.6% patients took only one antihypertensive drug and and others takes two or more.Conclusion:(1)The prevalence of female hypertension in Gansu province increases,but under the national average hypertensive prevalence.The awareness rate,oral mediation rate and the control rate were low.Above all should be enhanced in this area via inforcing the propaganda of hypertension knowledge and improving women's life behavior.(2)Excluding confounding variables,the hypertensive prevalence of postmenopausal women was 1.140 times higher than premenopausal women in Gansu province.Either coronary heart disease or stroke,the prevalence in postmenopausal women were greater than in premenopausal women.More attention should be paid on menopause and hypertension to prevent and control CHD and stroke in Gansu province. |
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