| Objective:To establish the Chronic Trauma Encephalopathy rat model through multiple cerebral concussion(MCC)and observe the progressive changes of beam balance(BB)test,beam walking(BW)test,Morris water maze(MWM)test,forced swimming(FS)test,open field test(OFT),high plus maze(HPM)test after the period of 12 months rising.So that to assess the changing situations of the static and dynamic balance ability,the Learning and memory ability,the spatial perception ability and the depressive and anxiety behaviors in injury rats.Methods:(1)The rats were duplicated in batches with metal pendulum device.The duplication was operated every 24 hours,3 consecutive days.(2)Animal grouping:120 healthy SD male rats,weighing 280 ± 20g,the MCC rats were randomly and evenly distributed into experimental group and control group.The experimental group was divided into the pure cerebral concussion(PCC)group,the 2MCC group and the 3MCC group,each group including 30 rats.(3)Long term rising and observing:The rats were fed and observed for 12 months.(4)Behavioral Test:Use the beam balance(BB)test and beam walking(BW)test to assess the rats' the function of learning and memorizing and homeostasis movement after 12 months rising;compared the results of each group.Use the MWM test to evaluate the changes of spatial learning and memorizing ability,ordinary learning and memorizing ability of each group after 12 months rising;the FS test,OFT,HPM were applied to evaluate the depression status of mental activity of each group after 12 months rising,the results were to be compared.Results:(1)The results of BB evaluation:the normal group,compared with the 2MCC and 3MCC groups,the differences from the 1st day to the 2ed day are statistically meaningful,P<0.05,compared with the PCC group,the differences are not meaningful,P>0.05;the PCC group,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences in the 1st day are statistically meaningful,P<0.05,compared with the normal and 3MCC groups,the differences are not statistical significant,P>0.05;the 2MCC group,compared with the normal group,the differences from the 1st day to the 2ed day are statistical significant,P<0.05,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences in the 1st day are statistically meaningful,P<0.05,compared with PCC group,the differences are not significant,P>0.05;the 3MCC group,compared with the normal group,the differences from the 1st day to the 2ed day are statistical significant,P<0.05,compared with the PCC and 2MCC groups,the differences in the 1st day are statistically meaningful,P<0.05.(2)The results of BM evaluation:OThe Cross latency:the normal group,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences from the 2ed day to the 4th day are statistical significant,P<0.05,the rest of compared results are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05;?The frequency of step blank:the normal group,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences from the 1st day to the 4th day are statistical significant,P<0.05;the PCC group,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences from the 1st day to the 2ed day are statistical significant,P<0.05;the 2MCC group,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences in the 1st day are statistical significant,P<0.05,the 3MCC group,compared with the normal group,the differences from the 1st day to the 4th day are statistical significant,P<0.05,compared with the PCC group,the differences from the 1st day to the 2ed day are statistical significant,P<0.05,compared with the 2MCC group,the differences in the 1st day are statistical significant,P<0.05.(3)The MWM experiment results:? During the hole MWM experiment test:the normal group,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences among Escape latency are statistically significant P<0.05;?In the experiment of underwater platform test:the normal group,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences among Escape latency in the 5th day were statistically significant P<0.05,the rest of compared results are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05.?In the experiment of up-water platform test:the normal group,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences among Escape latency from the 6th day to the 7th day were statistically significant,P<0.05,the rest of compared results are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05.?In the experiment of none water platform test:the normal group,compared with the 2MCC and 3MCC group,the differences among Escape latency in the 2ed galactic quadrant are statistically significant,P<0.05,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences among Escape latency in the 1st galactic quadrant are statistically significant,P<0.05.? experiment of reverse up-water platform test:the normal group,compared with the 2MCC groups,the differences among Escape latency in the 1st day are statistically significant,P<0.05,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences among Escape latency from the 1st day to the 3rd are statistically significant,P<0.05;the PCC group,compared with the 3MCC groups,the differences among Escapelatency in the 1st day and 3rd day are statistically significant,P<0.05;the 2MCC group,compared with the normal group,the differences among Escape latency in the 1st day are statistically significant,P<0.05,compared with the 3MCC groups,the differences among Escape latency in the 1st day and the 3rd day are statistically significant,P<0.05.(4)The frequency of the depression status in FST:the normal group,compared with the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences between the frequency of the C behavior were statistically significant,P<0.05;the PCC group,compared with the 3MCC group,the differences between the frequency of the C behavior are statistically significant,P<0.05;the rest of compared results among the frequency of the C behavior are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05.(5)Results of the open field test:? the walking distance in the perimeter area:the results between all the groups are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05 ?the walking latency in the perimeter area:the normal group,compared with the PCC,the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.?the walking speed in the perimeter area:the results between all the groups are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05 ?the walking distance in the central area:the normal group,compared with the PCC,the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.?the walking latency in the central area:the normal group,compared with the PCC,the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.?the walking speed in the central area:the normal group,compared with the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.?the total distance in the OFT:the results between all the groups are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05.? the frequency of standing:the results between all the groups are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05.?the frequency of combing:the results between all the groups are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05.?the time of combing:the results between all the groups are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05.(6)Results of the high plus test:?the frequency of entering the open arms:the normal group,compared with the PCC,the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.?the time of entering the open arms:the normal group,compared with the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.?the frequency of sticking head out of the open arms:the normal group,compared with the PCC,the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.?the frequency of entering the closed arms:the normal group,compared with the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.? the time of entering the closed arms:the normal group,compared with the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.?the frequency of standing in the closed arms:?the time of entering the open arms:the normal group,compared with the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.? the frequency of combing in the closed arms:the normal group,compared with the PCC,the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.? the frequency of entering the arms:the normal group,compared with the PCC,the 2MCC and the 3MCC groups,the differences are statistical significant,P<0.05.?the ratio of entering the open arms of the total frequency:the results between all the groups are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05.11? the ratio of entering the closed arms of the total frequency:the results between all the groups are not statistical meaningful during the test,P>0.05.Conclusions:1.The rats which experienced 3 MCC have expressed more serious balance dyskinesia,abnormal gait,ataxia after the long term progression than PCC and 2MCC.2.The rats which experienced 3MCC have expressed more serious learning and cognitive dysfunction after the long term progression than PCC and 2MCC.3.The rats which experienced 3MCC have expressed a significant increase in depression-like behavior frequency and anxiety-like behaviors after the long term progression,and it is serious more than PCC and 2MCC.4.The rats which experienced 3MCC have developed into CTE. |
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