The Cognitive Research On Radiation Risk Among Children By Radiological Diagnosis

BackgroundWith the rapid development and widely applied in clinic,medical radiation technology promotes technological progress improves the level of diagnosis and treatment for the benefit of the majority of patients.However,improper protection may cause unnecessary harm to human body.Children are sensitive to ionizing radiation,expecialy more sensitive to radiation-induced cancer.It is particularly important for the reasonable application of radiological diagnosis and the optimization of the protective measures,which has been concerned by relative international organizations.The justification of radiological practice and optimization of protection is the main methods to reduce the dose of patients,which usually will be influenced by the radiation risk perception of the main stakeholders in the radiological diagnostic examination.There is few research on risk perception for children's radiological examination,which need to be given more attention.It is extremely important to strengthen the health education on the risk perception of the children's diagnostic radiological examination.This research was performed in general and specialized hospitals in Beijing.The research aimed to know the risk perception on children's diagnostic radiological examination and the knowledge of radiation protection.It will provide a reference for the development on relative policy and strategy of children's diagnostic radiological examinations in the future.ObjectiveTo investiged the risk perception of the main stakeholders including hospital pediatrician,the medical staff in radiology department and parents of children to children's diagnostic radiological examnization and analyze there knowledge of radiation protection and the influence factors,and provide scientific basis for the justified application of radiation techniques and take the necessary protective measures and health education.MethodsCross-sectional study and convenient sampling method was used to determine the subjects.Three hospitals were chosen,in which the pediatricians,the medical staffs in radiology department and the parents of the children who was treated were chosen as the research subjects.According to the preliminary survey,the sample size was determined according to the comparison between groups.The questionnaire was distributed at the scene of the survey by the trained investigator,and filled by the three groups according to the requirements.The investigators withdrew the questionnaire on the spot and checked whether there was any omission or obvious contradiction.609 questionnaires were sent out and 600 valid questionnaires were took back,with a recovery rate of 98.5%.During the investigation,5 people refused the survey.The collected 600 valid questionnaireswere numbered and input by epidata 3.1 and the data was analyzed by SPSS 23,The main statistical methods include:descriptive analysis such asfrequency,mean,standard deviation and proportion,multivariate analysis including multiple linear regression and two class Logistic regression analysis.Results1.The risk perception on children's diagnostic radiological examination in different groups is different.(1)The accuracy rate to the questions used to assessment of pediatrian's radiation knowledge was 62.5%,which was greater than 50%and in the middle and upper levels.Women's level of radiation knowledge was statistically lower than that of men's(p=0.002).(2)The correct answer rate of personnel radiation knowledge for the department of radiology was 64.5%,which is higher than 50%and in the upper level;Radiology technicians(p=0.017),the subjects with higher educatione(including bachelor,master and doctor degree,the p level was 0.029,0.004 and 0.002 respectively)was statistical significant than other's groups.(3)The correct answer rate to 4 of 7 questions for children's parents is less than 50%,which is in the middle and lower levels.The parents wish higher education(inlcuding bacherlor and master depgree),housewife/husband and unemployment parents,medical staff and teachers had a significantly higher radiation knowledge.(4)The knowledge leve of female was significantly lower than male in the three groups.from The radiation knowledge level of parents' children was lowest,that of pediatricians in the middle and the staff in radiology department had the highest knowledge level.2.There were different risk perceptions to pediatric radiological diagnosis among different groups.(1)There were 84.0%of pediatricians chose radiological examination for diagnostic purposes in a variety of tests;55.5%of them preferred X-ray examination in diagnosis;and 49.0%of them made nuclear magnetic examination as their first choice in diagnosis of vertigo,headache(non traumatic or minor trauma)of children.(2)55%of radiology staff were considered to know about radiation;98.5%of them considered the organ affected by radiation was the gonad;98.5%of them admitted to give shielding protection on the special parts of patients during radiological examination;70%of them would inform the patient of radiation risk before radiological examination.(3)There were 73.5%of parents of visiting children figured out that radiation had an impact on children's health;35%of them said they would wear protective equipment during the radiological examination;75%of them didn't worry about the health effects and wouldn't gave up when the doctor made a radiological examination.3.The information environment of radiation risk perception on radiological diagnosis of children and the best way to obtain health education.(1)The pediatricians and radiology staff preferred professional training(54%and 68.5%),on-site lectures(35.5%and 53.5%)and publicity charts(37.5%and 32.5%)as the measures of health education.(2)The parents of visiting children preferred publicity charts(45%),(35.5%)internet TV and mobile phone text messages(28%)as the measures of health education.Conclusion1.Different groups have different knowledge levels to radiation.Therefore,it is important to strengthen the training and management of radiation risk cognition for different groups.2.The best way to implement health education for pediatricians and radiology staff are professional training and on-site lectures;and the best way for the parents of visiting children are propaganda wall charts and Internet TV.At the same time,a diversified approach of health education will be used to improve the spread of radiation related knowledge.3.In terms of radiation knowledge level,radiology staff are superior to pediatricians,and the cognitive level of parents of visiting children should be improve as a whole.In addition,in order to improve radiation knowledge levels,it is important to strengthen the training of radiation dosimetry and radiation health effects led by different radiological examinations among pediatricians.