| Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is the common malignant tumors in oral and maxillofacial.Although epidemiological investigations and retrospective studies of oral squamous cell carcinoma are present in domastic and abroad.But the relevant research in Henan Province needs to be strengthened.The study on the characteristics and survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan province is helpful to improve the overall level of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the province.The standardization of treatment for Oral squamous cell carcinoma is including surgical resection and subsequent Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Although recent studies have made some progress in the comprehensive treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma,the overall prognosis is still less optimistic.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment(NACT)in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma has become an important area of exploration.The aim is to reduce the scope of surgical resection,improve local area function,control and reduce the distal metastasis,thereby reducing the mortality and recurrence rate to improve the treatment results.However,the indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oral cancer have not been clearly defined.Most studies failed to show a significant effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma,local area lesion control and overall survival.In some studies of patients with advanced and non-resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma,neoadjuvant chemotherapy can significantly control tumor growth,reduce the extent of the lesion and create opportunities for surgical resection.Although these studies describe some of the positive effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on very late and unresectable oral squamous cell carcinoma,distal metastases and resectability and prognostic function,but need further validation.At present,mainly through the fluorouracil,cisplatin,doxorubicin and other drugs for chemotherapy,but these drugs are not only easy to produce drug resistance,and toxic side effects [1,2].Therefore,it is urgent to find a new type of effective anti-tumor drugs to improve the survival rate of patients.Arsenic(mainly sodium arsenite,Na As O2)in the blood system of tumor methods have more research in gastric cancer,lung cancer and other solid tumors are also studied,but the overall study less,and oral squamous cell carcinoma research is still Not clear [3,4].Therefore,this study examined the effect of sodium arsenite on the proliferation and apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line HN12 in vitro,and discussed its mechanism to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical impact of sodium arsenite.Part one Retrospective analysis of 461 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan provinceObjective To summarize the characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan province by collecting and sorting the cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma in oral and maxillofacial surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2007 to 2012.To analyze the factors associated with the incidence and recurrence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma.To provide reference for the prevention and prognosis of treatment and recurrence of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan province.Methods The data of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2007 to 2012 were collected and analyzed.SPSS21.0 and Graph Pad6.0 were used to analyze the age,sex,region,degree of tumor differentiation and TNM staging of the patients.The study was based on the screening criteria for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan province.The data of the recurrence rate involved in the study were analyzed by chi-square test.Select α = 0.05 as the test level,when P <0.05 considered statistically significant.In the study of the factors influencing postoperative survival time,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method was used to plot the survival curve and the Log-rank method was used to test the obtained data.Results 1 Analysis of the basic situation of 461 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan province There are 280 males and 181 females in 461 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Age of onset is mainly concentrated in the 50-79 years old.The number of patients in Zhengzhou was significantly higher than in other regions.In addition,the distribution of Sanmenxia,Jiyuan,Hebi and Luoyang patients in the northwest of Henan Province is relatively small,compared with the relatively abundant distribution of Zhoukou,Kaifeng and Shangqiu patients in the eastern part of Henan Province.Among the patients who were treated,the proportion of well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma was the majority.From the onset of the site point of view,treatment of patients with tongue,buccal mucosa,the incidence of gums ranked first three.2 Analysis of recurrence rate and survival rate of 95 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan province In the study of recurrence rate and survival in 95 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma,ages and the clinical stage of the tumor had an effect on the survival rate.The degree of tumor differentiation and the clinical stage of the tumor were observed to have an effect on the recurrence rate.Adjuvant chemotherapy has an effect on survival in patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma(stage IV).For patients with poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma,adjuvant chemotherapy has an effect on the recurrence rate.Summary 1 Characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan province In the study,it was observed that there were regional differences in the distribution of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan province.The reasons for this phenomenon may be mainly differences in traffic conditions,around the municipal hospitals or primary hospital medical conditions differences.From the results of this study,the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan Province is basically consistent with the national characteristics.But in the age of onset,70-79 years old in the number of patients is also particularly prominent,which may be related to the improvement of people’s living standards,the overall increase in human life,and the specific factors that cause this result remains to be further studied.The number of patients with less differentiation in these patients is small,which may be related to the inherent defects in the Broders / WHO histological grading system itself.2 Factors affecting the recurrence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma The results of this study show that age and sex have no effect on the recurrence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma in terms of oral squamous cell carcinoma involved in the study.In the study,it was observed that pathological grade and clinical stage had an effect on the recurrence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma.For patients with poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma,chemotherapy has an impact on its postoperative recurrence rate.3 Factors affecting the survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma The study found that age and tumor clinical staging in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma may be factors affecting postoperative survival.The survival time of the patients in the high age group was lower than that in the low age group,and the postoperative survival rate of stage I patients was higher than that of stage IV patients.The study also found that for patients with advanced(stage IV)oral squamous cell carcinoma,chemotherapy can help improve postoperative survival.Suggesting that adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced patients in the field of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma is still worthy of study.Part two Expression of EHMT1 in oral squamous cell carcinomaObjective To investigate the expression of EHMT1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and explore the relationship between the expression of EHMT1 and the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Use the SP immunohistochemical staining method to stain the the pathological tissue sliced,the pathological tissue wax were taken from follow-up study of patients with random selection of 95 patients.The results were determined by combination of cell counting and mean optical density analysis.The data were analyzed by statistical software such as SPSS and Graph Pad while using t test and Mann-Whitney rank sum test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results 1.According to the immunohistochemical staining of EHMT1,the mean optical density MOD of 95 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma was between 34.53 and 167.38.Take the median value 119.86.Patients were divided into two groups: EHMT1 low expression group,that is,MOD value of less than 119.86;EHMT1 high expression group,that is,MOD value greater than or equal to 119.86(P = 0.0385 <0.05).The results showed that the survival rate of patients with low EHMT1 expression was higher than that of EHMT1 high expression group,the difference was statistically significant.2.Patients were divided into metastatic group and non-metastasis group according to the tumor metastasis of the patients.The difference of MOD value between the two groups was analyzed.The results(P = 0.007 <0.05)were indicating that there was a significant difference in EHMT1 expression between the two groups.3.According to the first part of the study of clinical and pathological parameters of the group after the different parameters of the positive rate.The Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to detect the statistical differences of the parameters.The results showed that EHMT1 expression in patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma was statistically different from that of early stage patients.(P <0.05)Summary 1.The expression of EHMT1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma was significantly negative correlated with the postoperative survival time.2.The expression of EHMT1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma had a positive effect on the tumor metastasis.The expression of EHMT1 was positively correlated with tumor metastasis rate.3.There was a statistically significant difference in EHMT1 positive rate between the advanceed stage and the early stage,suggesting that the expression of EHMT1 may be related to the progression of the tumor.Part three The mechanism of Sodium arsenite inhibits the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and promote apoptosisObjective Use the CCK8 method,Annexin V / PI double staining and Western blot to investigate the effect of sodium arsenite by Wnt signaling pathway on proliferation and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Cell proliferation was detected after 1.25,2.5,5,10,20μmol/L sodium arsenite treatment human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line HN12 for 24,48,72 hour by CCK8 experiment;0 and 10 μmol/Lsodium arsenite treatmented HN12 cells with 48 h,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,Cleaved Caspase3,β-catenin Cyclin D1 protein expression was detected by Western blot;follow-up experimental were divided into control group,sodium arsenite group,activating agent + sodium arsenite group,cell proliferation,apoptosis and Cleaved Caspase3,β-catenin Cyclin D1 protein expression cells were treated for 48 hour was detected by CCK8 assay,flow cytometry and Western blot.Results Cell inhibition rate was significantly increased with the increase of time and concentration,and has a time and concentration dependent manne(P<0.05 or P<0.01),10 μmol/L sodium arsenite as a follow-up study according to the IC50;cell inhibition rate,apoptosis rate and Cleaved Caspase3 protein expression in 10 μmol/L group was significantly higher than that of 0 mol/L group,the expression of β-catenin,Cyclin D1 protein was significantly lower than that of 0 mol/L group(P<0.01);apoptosis rate,cell inhibition rate and Cleaved Caspase3 protein expression in sodium arsenite group and activating agent+sodium arsenite group were significantly higher than the control group,the expression of β-catenin and Cyclin beta D1 protein was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01);apoptosis rate,cell inhibition rate and Cleaved Caspase3 protein expression in activating agent+sodium arsenite group were significantly lower than that of sodium arsenite group,the expression of β-catenin and Cyclin beta D1 protein was significantly higher than that of sodium arsenite group(P<0.01).Summary 1.Studies have shown that sodium arsenite can inhibit the proliferation of HN12 cells while promoting its apoptosis.2.The expression of Cleaved caspase3 in HN12 cells treated with sodium arsenite was increased,while the expression of β-catenin and Cyclin D1 was decreased in Wnt signaling pathway.3.The apoptotic effect of sodium arsenite after activation of Wnt signaling pathway was inhibited.Conclusion 1.The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Henan Province and the survival rate and recurrence rate were similar to those in the whole country.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the establishment of the sample database of large data statistics and provide support for the detailed research.2.The abnormal expression of EHMT1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma,especially in metastatic cancer,suggests that EHMT1 may be a biomarker of metastatic in oral squamous cell carcinoma.3.Sodium arsenite can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma,and its mechanism is related to the regulation of Wnt signaling pathway. |
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