Analysis Of The Related Risk Factors And Prevention Of Aspiration Pneumonia In The Elderly Patient

Background and Objective Aspiration pneumonia is a serious hazard to human,s healthy,especially morbidity and mortality in the elderly increased year by year.Today,in the aging of the population,clinicians is more and more focused on aspiration pneumonia.Inhaled factors in community-acquired pneumonia accounts for 5% ~ 15%,accounting for 20% ~ 30% of hospital acquired pneumonia,and hospitalized with pneumonia in patients with about 30% for aspiration pneumonia,the mortality of aspiration pneumonia in hospital accounting for 20% ~ 65%.A retrospective study of aspiration pneumonia compared with the non-aspiration pneumonia in clinical characteristics and results Show that,the clinical features and recurrence?mortality of aspiration pneumonia is very different from non-aspiration pneumonia1,We can see from this,aspiration pneumonia should be seen as a unique subtype of pneumonia.Aspiration pneumonia is a inhaled syndrome caused by foreign body aspiration.The inhalation can be animal fats,food,gastric contents and other stimulant liquid and hydrocarbons,When the suction volume is larger,it can cause acute chemical aspiration pneumonia at first,and then the lungs defense mechanism is damaged,suction part can develop a large number of bacteria with bacterial pneumonia;If a small amount of inhaled and pharyngeal planting bacteria sending into the lung,it can directly lead to the occurrence of bacterial aspiration pneumonia;Aspiration pneumonia is common in the elderly and patients with nervous system disease or cerebrovascular disease,and it is a major risk factor for death in the elderly2.The main purpose of this study is to analyze the related risk factors existing in aspiration pneumonia in the elderly patients,and to cause the attention of clinicians with the analysis of the related risk factors,and we can make preventive measures correspondingly to prevent the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly,to reduce the morbidity and mortality of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly.Methods Adopt the method of prospective study,select 208 cases of elderly patients hospitalized in our hospital from September,2014 to December 2016,Collect and sort the general information?clinical characteristics and basic diseases,and do statistical analysis of the factors.In addition,we select 64 cases of elderly patients with aspiration,who were randomly divided into control group and experimental group,respectively with general nursing and comprehensive nursing measures.Results 1.Factors associated with a greater incidence of aspiration pneumonia more focused on patients with men,aged 75 or higher,swallowing disorder,cough reflex obstacle,long-term lie in bed,and cerebral apoplexy.2.Except the P values of chi-square test of sindwelling gastric tube,acid inhibitors,tracheal intubation or tracheostomy,malignant tumor> 0.05,the P values of chi-square test of other factors < 0.05,,there is no statistical difference in aspiration pneumonia of the four factors.3.The lower limit of 95% confidence interval of odds ratio(OR)of Indwelling gastric tube,acid inhibitors,tracheal intubation or tracheostomy,malignant tumor < 1,and the lower limit of 95% confidence interval of odds ratio(OR)of other factors > 1;4.Age,disturbance of consciousness,swallowing dysfunction are in the equation of multi-factor logisti regression.5.The cases of AP occurred,and the time of intubation,the length of in hospital,and death in trial group are less than the control group,difference has statistical significance(P < 0.05).Conclusions 1.Male,age 75 years old and above,and disturbance of consciousness,or swallowing disorder,cough reflex,long-term lie in bed,gastroesophageal reflux,hypoalbuminemia,recessive aspiration,the application of sedative,periodontal disease,stroke,diabetes,coronary heart disease,high blood pressure are all the related risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in the elderly.2.Age,disturbance of consciousness,swallowing disorder are independent risk factors for the development of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly.3.According to the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients,we can prevent the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia through adjust the diet,the oral care,take appropriate tube feeding diets,strengthen swallowing function,the rational use of mechanical ventilation for patients who need breathing machine,the application of ACEI and capsaicin.