Investigation On Chronic Diseases And Risk Factors Among Residents In Liuhe District Of Nanjing City

ObjectiveIn the present study,the epidemiological characteristics,risk factors and cognitions of chronic diseases were investigated in 14 streets of Liuhe District.After analyzing the impact of major risk factors for chronic diseases among residents,characteristics of chronic diseases and its influencing factors,we attempted to find out the health promotion interventions,identify the focus populations of health promotion,and clear direction and ways of intervention.Based on above comprehensive considerations we finally aimed to put forward countermeasures and suggestions accordingly,and further to provide background information for the future development of community.Method18150 residents aged over 18 were enrolled using random stratified cluster sampling in Liuhe District.EPIDATA3.1 and SPSS 13.0 was used to input and analyze the data,respectively.Result1.In the current epidemic situation of major chronic diseases in Liuhe District,the prevalences were as follows:24.5%for hypertension,4.88%for diabetes mellitus,3.21%for coronary heart disease,and 3.14%for hyperlipidemia.Because there were differences in the age structure between the survey population and the overall population of Nanjing(according to the standard population age composition of the sixth census in 2013 in Nanjing),the prevalence in Liuhe area should be standardized.The corresponding data,was 24.17%for hypertension,3.26%for diabetes,3.12%for coronary heart disease,2.97%for hyperlipidemia,and 2.92%for stroke.Except All these prevalence rates were significiantly higher than the average of Nanjing except diabetes.(22.4%for hypertension,4.1%for diabetes mellitus,2.1%for coronary heart disease,2.32%for hyperlipidemia,and 1.97%for stroke).2.The analysis of real death causes in Liuhe District.According to the Liuhe District 2013 vital statistics all-cause analysis,the main factors threatening residents' health and direct resulting in the deaths were chronic diseases,including circulatory system diseases(mortality 256.04/100,000),tumor(mortality 250.17/100,000),respiratory diseases(mortality 41.38/100,000),and external causes(mortality 38.15/100,000 for injury and poisoning,mortality 13.35/100,000 for mental disorders,mortality 12.47/100,000 for endocrine,nutritional and other metabolic diseases.The total rate of potential years of life(PYLL)was 34.32 ‰ in Liuhe district.Tumors(14.23 ‰),injury and poisoning external causes(7.92 ‰)ranked in the top three.Besides,Thecirculatory system disease 5.32 ‰,while infectious diseases 0.58 ‰ ranked No.9.3.The main risk factors for chronic diseases.In our investigation,the unhealthy diets(high oil,high salt,high cholesterol),unhealthy lifestyles(Smoking,Drinking)and lack of physical activities were the leading cause of coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,multiple types of cancer,type2 diabetes,high blood pressure and other diseases,especially unhealthy eating habits(29.8%of residents prefer salty dietary in Liuhe District).4.After the usage of multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis,drinking,age,BMI,waist circumference were considered as independent risk factors for hypertension,while BMI,waist circumference,age,education level were the corresponding independent risk factors for diabetes.5.The main risk factors for the prevalence of chronic diseases were smoking rate(39.83%),overweight(24<BMI<28)(31.12%),alcohol consumption(21.22%),physical activity deficit(15.42%),and obesity(BMI>28)(5.37%).The awareness rate of health knowledge was listed as follows.72.74%of respondents believe that smoking was harmful to their health.36.62%of respondents believe passive smoking was hazardous to their health.over 80%of respondents believe that patients with hypertension,diabetes should not drink.And there were more than 60%of respondents coronary heart disease patients should not be drinking.The percentages of effectively control high blood pressure knowledge were as follows.According to doctor's medication awareness rate of 85.83%,the awareness rate of low salt diet was 51.93%,the awareness rate of weight control was 48.43%,the awareness rate of moderate exercise was 33.36%.The awareness rate of common symptoms of diabetes,such as polydipsia,polyphagia and polyuria,was 66.52%.Conclusion1.In Liuhe distinct,the prevalence rate of hypertension was 24.17%,the awareness rate was 39.01%,and effective control rate 27.5%.Compared with the data during same period in Nanjing(22.4%,61.7%38.9%,respectively),it revealed a poor situation with high prevalence,low awareness,and low control rate.And excluding the high prevalence.The geographic location in the suburbs of Nanjing,resident consciousness of chronic disease prevention,and lack awareness about health care might be the culprit for these healthy problems.2.Overweight rate,obesity rate,waist circumference exceeding the standard rate at a relatively high level,unhealthy eating habits(eating brine pickled foods and taste emphasis),smoking,and drinking will increase the chances of suffering from chronic diseases.3.After years of extensive publicity,Liuhe residents represented a better cogitation of the common risk factors for chronic diseases such as smoking,drinking,high salt diet,lack of sports.However the consciousness for circumvention is still weak,which might relate to the location of Liuhe,.Because Liuhe located on the suburbs of Nanjing,its situations of residents,economic and education level have its undeniably disadvantages,.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of chronic non-infectious diseases in our region should be community-based.Strengthen the intervention and guidance of smoking and drinking,unreasonable diet and lack of physical activity should be the main promoting means for dwellers to form a healthy concept,keep away from pathogenic factors of chronic non-communicable diseases,establish a healthy lifestyle,and improve the patient's life expectancy and quality of life.