Attentional Bias In Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Different Self-management Levels

Objectives Take the type 2 diabetic patients as the research object,attentional bias in type 2 diabetic patients with different self-management levels as the research point,through the cognitive behavioral modified dot-probe paradigm to know the components and time characteristics of attentional bias,in order to reveal cognitive processing that promote self-management behaviour in the face of diabetes is crucial for the development of cognitive prevention programs and competence refoundation.Methods Using convenience sampling,totally 189 type 2 diabetic patients were collected from the department of endocrinology at two three-level hospitals in Anhui province from July 2015 to May 2016 consecutively.Combination of questionnaires and experiment,all of the patients were assessed using Questionnaires of general information,the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale.The experiment was designed in E-prime software,negative,neutral and positive pictures were assessed and screened from Chinese Facial Affective Picture System,each type of emotion included 40 pictures.Using the modified dot-probe paradigm,with which recorded the response time of the emotional pictures and then to analysis the components and time characteristics of attentional bias in type 2 diabetic patients with different self-management levels.Results(1)The patients included in the study were averagely divided into three groups(i.e.,high self-management levels,medium self-management levels and low self-management levels)based on the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire.There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of gender,age,levels of education,marital status,treatment,diabetes duration,glycosylated hemoglobin and cognitive function(P>0.05),but participants with high self-management levels reported a higher diabetes self-management scores(P<0.05).(2)Whether the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms or 1250 ms,the average response latencies showed by patients with low self-management levels were longer than those showed by patients with medium or high self-management levels(P<0.05),and when the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms,the scores of positive disengaging index were significant lower than 0 in patients with low self-management levels(P=0.020).(3)When the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms,the scores of negative disengaging index were significant higher than 0 in patients with medium self-management levels(P=0.027),the scores of negative attentional bias were significant higher than positive attentional bias(P=0.030),the scores of negative attentional bias in patients with medium self-management levels were significant higher than patients with low or high self-management levels(P=0.007;P=0.012);When the stimuli were displayed for1250 ms,the scores of positive orienting index were significant higher than 0 in patients with medium self-management levels(P=0.034),the scores of negative attentional bias at the exposure duration of 500 ms were significant higher than the exposure duration of1250ms(P=0.042).(4)When the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms,responses to negative pictures were significantly longer than neutral pictures in patients with high self-management levels(P=0.027),responses to positive pictures were significantly shorter than negative pictures(P=0.006),the scores of negative attentional bias and negative orienting index were significant lower than 0(P=0.027;P=0.006),the scores of positive attentional bias were significant higher than negative attentional bias(P=0.021),the scores of positive orienting index were significant higher than negative orienting index(P=0.006);When the stimuli were displayed for 1250 ms,the scores of negative attentional bias at the exposure duration of 1250 ms were significant higher than the exposure duration of 500ms(P=0.048),the scores of negative orienting index at the exposure duration of 1250 ms were significant higher than the exposure duration of 500ms(P=0.012).Conclusions(1)Characteristics of attentional bias in type 2 diabetic patients with low self-management levels: whether the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms or 1250 ms,the average response latencies showed by patients with low self-management levels were slower than those showed by patients with medium or high self-management levels;when the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms,patients with low levels of self-management had an avoidance bias toward positive stimuli.(2)Characteristics of attentional bias in type 2 diabetic patients with medium self-management levels: When the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms,patients with medium levels of self-management had difficulty in disengaging attention from negative stimuli;compared with the positive stimuli,patients with medium levels of self-management had more attentional bias toward negative stimuli;compared with patients in low or high self-management levels,patients with medium levels of self-management had more attentional bias toward negative stimuli;when the stimuli were displayed for 1250 ms,patients with medium levels of self-management had attentional orienting toward positive stimuli;compared with the exposure duration of 500 ms,patients with medium levels of self-management had more attentional avoidance toward negative stimuli at the exposure duration of 1250 ms.(3)Characteristics of attentional bias in type 2 diabetic patients with high self-management levels: When the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms,patients with high levels of self-management had an avoidance bias toward negative stimuli and attentional bias toward positive stimuli;compared with the negative stimuli,patients with high levels of self-management had more attentional bias and attentional orienting toward positive stimuli;compared with the exposure duration of 500 ms,patients with high levels of self-management had more attentional bias and attentional orienting toward negative stimuli at the exposure duration of 1250 ms.