The Aggregation Of Risk Factors Of Carotid Plaques In Elderly Population Of Shandong Province

BackgroundWith the development of social economy and the improvement of living standards,people's diet,living habits have been greatly changed.Atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are becoming the "the first killer" for the health of our residents.Carotid plaque is a sub-clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis,the detection of carotid plaque may represent the severity of atherosclerosis.The risk factors of carotid plaques are complicated,and the risk factors of residents in different areas are different.At the same time,most of the current researches focus on the correlation between one risk factor and carotid atherosclerotic plaque.It focuses on single risk factor,ignoring the interaction and internal relationship of risk factors in pathogenic process.At present,few studies investigate the risk factors and their aggregation of carotid plaques in elderly people of Shandong province.Our study investigated the carotid plaques in elderly people of Shandong province,and provided evidence for prevention and control of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.Objective(1)To investigate the prevalence of carotid plaques in elderly population of Shandong province.(2)To explore the risk factors of carotid plaques in elderly population of Shandong province.(3)To explore the aggregation of risk factors of carotid plaques.MethodsThe randomized cluster sampling method was used to recruit the subjects in Shandong province.All subjects were asked to undergo questionnaires,physical examinations,laboratory tests,and carotid ultrasonography.Using X~2 test to analyze the prevalence of carotid plaques.All the subjects were divided into two groups,namely plaque group(n=11100)and non-plaque group(n=13618)according to whether the carotid plaques were detected or not.The risk factors of carotid plaque were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.All the subjects were divided into four groups,namely zero risk factor group(n = 4632),one risk factor group(n=6278),two risk factors group(n = 8695),more than three risk groups(n=5113)according to the numbers of risk factors associated with each survey.The incidence of carotid plaques in different risk factors groups were analyzed by X~2 test,and the clustering of risk factors of carotid plaques was calculated by logistic regression analysis.Results(1)The detection rate of carotid plaque in elderly population of Shandong province was 44.9%.The detection rates of carotid plaque were 51.4% and 39.6% respectively in male and female.The detection rate of carotid plaque in males were higher than females(P<0.05).In general,the detection rate of carotid plaque raised with age stage in both sex.(2)The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.90),gender(OR=0.61),living status(OR=1.21),smoking(OR=1.12),hypertension(OR=1.39),abnormal blood glucose(OR=1.27),BMI(OR=1.16),WC(OR=1.07),TC(OR=1.09),LDL-C(OR=1.14),HDL-C(OR=1.07),hyperhomocysteinemia(OR=1.34)are risk factors related to carotid plaque.(3)The incidence of carotid plaques was 23.3% in zero risk factor group,39.4% in one risk factor group,47.4% in two risk factors group,67.0% in more than three risk factors group.The detection rate of carotid plaques gradually increased and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The incidence of unstable carotid plaques was 31.6% in zero risk factor group,46.5% in one risk factor group,55.4% in two risk factors group,63.9% in more than three risk factors group.The detection rate of unstable plaque increased gradually and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).(4)The risks of carotid plaques in one,two,more than three risk factors groups were 2.325,4.612,8.407 times than the zero risk factor group.The risks of unstable carotid plaques in one,two,more than three risk factors groups were 1.333,2.092,3.029 times than the zero risk factor group.Conclusion(1)The average detection rate of carotid plaques was 44.9% in elderly population of Shandong province.The average detection rate of carotid plaques was 51.4% and 39.6% respectively in male and female.(2)Age,male,inland,smoking,hypertension,abnormal blood glucose,dyslipidemia,obesity,abdominal obesity,hyperhomocysteinemia are risk factors of carotid plaque in the elderly population of Shandong province.(3)There are aggregation effects in carotid plaque risk factors.