| BackgroundWith the income gap between urban and rural areas increasing,more and more farmers leave their homes to work in the city in order to improve the living conditions.However,due to the higher cost of living in the city or a "city" registration which children will be rejected by school without it,the parents have to left their children in rural area.So large quantities of children become left-behind children.The report shows that the number of left-behind children in rural areas is 610.255 million,accounting for 37.7%of rural children.That means every three children in rural areas there is more than one left-behind children.Because of the poor family economic conditions or the poor supervision of guardians or other reasons,Left-behind children are up against serious health problems.The incidence rates of growth retardation,underweight,emaciation and overweight in the left-behind children was higher than those of other children.Childhood is a critical period of growth and child's health is the basis of individual lifelong health.The health in childhood even influenced the health,the income and the accomplishment of an adult.The number of left-behind children in rural area is tremendous now,they are the backbone of the future development in rural area.The solution of the health problems of the left-behind children is conducive to improve the quality of the rural future population in China.ObjectivesThis paper uses the "China Health and Nutrition Survey"data from 2000 to 2011years,aims to study trends of the health status of left-behind and non-left-behind children in rural areas of China,identify the main factors affecting the health and propose appropriate interventions,provide an effective basis for solving the health problems and promote the healthy condition of left-behind children in rural areas.SubjectsThe research data from the "China Health and Nutrition Survey," selected the 0-17 year-old rural left-behind and non-left-behind children that who with complete gender,age,height,weight,family structure and other survey data in 2000,2004,2006,2009 and 2011 as the subjects.MethodsThe data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.Quantitative data with normal distribution using the meanąstandard deviation described(height,weight,HAZ,WAZ,etc.),within the groups were compared using independent sample t-test or variance analysis;qualitative data using percentage or ratio to describe(sex,age,type of flow parents,the incidence rate of growth retardation,the incidence rate of underweight,etc.),the difference between the two groups using chi-square test;trend test using chi-square test for statistical trend analysis;calculating a ratio of the factors and 95%confidence interval.Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors.P<0.05 was considered significant difference.Results1 The height and weight of the left-behind children were lower than that of non-left-behind children in rural China.The Z score of rural children with CHNS data showed that all rural children HAZ,WAZ,BAZ scores indicated an increasing trend.(1)The health indicators HAZ and WAZ increased for left-behind children was greater than that of non-left-behind children,and BAZ growth rate was less than non-left-behind children;HAZ,WAZ,BAZ of the children whose father were migrant workers score the highest,and whose mother were migrant workers score the highest.(2)HAZ,WAZ,BAZ of boys in rural China was higher than girls;HAZ,WAZ,BAZ of non-left-behind boys growth was larger than the left-behind boys,and HAZ,WAZ of left-behind girls growth rate was greater than non-left-behind girls.(3)The HAZ,WAZ and BAZ of left-behind children and non-left-behind children in different age groups increased year by year.Among them,the Z score in 13-17 age group were higher than those in other age groups.WAZ of non-left-behind children growth was larger than the left-behind children in each groups,and HAZ and BAZ of left-behind children growth was larger than the non-left-behind children in 13-17 age group.(4)The HAZ,WAZ and BAZ of left-behind children and non-left-behind children in different areas of rural areas were increasing year by year.The HAZ and WAZ of children in eastern areas were highest and BAZ of children in central regions were highest.2 The incidence of growth retardation,underweight and emaciation in rural children showed a decreasing trend,and the incidence of left-behind children was significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children.The incidence of overweight was increasing.The incidence of overweight of left-behind children was lower than that of non-left-behind children.(1)The incidence of growth retardation of non-left-behind children fell from 6.0 percent in 2000 to 4.9 percent in 2011,while left-behind children fell from 11.5 percent in 2011 to 5.9 percent in 2011 in rural China;the incidence of underweight of non-left-behind children decreased from 3.4%in 2000 to 2.3%in 2011,while left-behind children fell from 5.8%in 2011 to 3.4%in 2011 in rural China;the incidence of emaciation of non-left-behind children fell from 6.0%in 2000 to 4.1%in 2011,while left-behind children dropped from 9.6%in 2011 to 5.9%in 2011 in rural China;the incidence of overweight of non-left-behind children rose from 2.2%in 2000 to 9.1%in 2011,while left-behind children rose from 3.8%in 2011 to 5.9%in rural China.The incidence of growth retardation,underweight and emaciation of the children whose mother were migrant workers score the highest,and the incidence of overweight the children whose father were migrant workers score the highest.(2)The incidence of growth retardation,underweight and emaciation of boys in rural China were lower than girls and the incidence of overweight higher than girls.The incidence of growth retardation,underweight and emaciation of non-left-behind boys and girls were lower than left-behind boys and girls,and the incidence of overweight higher than left-behind boys and girls.(3)The incidence of growth retardation,underweight and emaciation of rural children in each group were decreasing year by year,and the incidence rate decreased with ages.And the incidence rate was highest in the 0-6 age group,lowest in the 13-17 age group.The incidence of overweight in different age groups in rural children also decreased with ages,but the trend was increasing year by year.(4)The incidence of growth retardation,underweight and emaciation of children in different regions decreased year by year,and the incidence of children in the western region was the highest and the eastern part was the lowest.The incidence of overweight in rural areas was increasing year by year.The incidence of overweight was the highest among children in central region.3 The results showed that children in rural areas over the age of 12 smoking and drinking rates were on the rise,smoking and drinking among boys was higher than girls;the children in eastern region were higher than the western children;children without father and mothers at home smoked more than non-left-behind children and children without mothers at home drank more.4 The factors affecting the growth and development of rural children were gender,age,area,family structure,whether smoking and drinking,etc.(1)Factors of growth retardation:The risk of growth retardation in girls was 1.330 times that of boys.As the age increases,the risk of children growth retardation was reduced;The risk of growth retardation of children in the central and western regions was 1.173 times and 1.316 times higher in the eastern region;The risk of growth retardation among the children without mothers at home was the highest.Smokers have a higher risk of growth retardation than non-smokers.(2)Factors of underweight:The risk of underweight in girls was 1.895 times that of boys.With the increase of age,the risk of underweight of children is lower.The risk of underweight of children in the central and western regions was 1.232 times and 1.374 times higher in the eastern region.The risk of underweight among the children without mothers at home was the highest.(3)Factors of emaciation:The risk of emaciation in girls was 1.137 times that of boys;As the age increases,the risk of children emaciation was reduced.The risk of emaciation among the children without mothers at home was the highest.The risk of emaciation in smokers was 1.576 times that of non-smokers.(4)Factors of overweight:The risk of overweight in boys was higher that of girls;As the age increases,the risk of children overweight was reduced;The risk of overweight of children in the central region was higher than in the eastern and western regions.Conclusion1 The height and weight of left-behind children was lower than non-left-behind children in rural China.The survey data in 2000-2011 showed that health indicators HAZ,WAZ,BAZ of rural children were gradually rising,The scores of rural non-left-behind children were higher than those of left-behind children.2 The incidence of growth retardation,underweight and emaciation of rural children decreased year by year,and the incidence rate in left-behind children was significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children.The incidence of overweight of rural children was rising,and the incidence rate in left-behind children was lower than that of non-left-behind children.3 The rate of smoking and drinking of rural children showed a rising trend,and the rate of left-behind children was higher than non-left-behind children.4 Factors affecting the growth retardation of rural children were gender,age,region,family structure and whether to smoke;affecting the underweight of rural children were gender,age,region,and family structure;affecting the emaciation of rural children were gender,age,family structure and whether to smoke;affecting the overweight of rural children were gender,age,region. |
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