| ObjectiveTo investigate the explosion of risk factors of ischemic cardiovascular diseases(ICVD) in postmenopausal women and to evaluate their absolute risk of ICVD in the next 10 years, and then to explore the related influencing factors of risk of ICVD in postmenopausal women, in order to provide the theory basis for preventive intervention for them in the future. MethodsThe postmenopausal women were selected from a large physical examination center in Tianjin from May 2015 to September by using the convenience sampling method. The “Chinese evaluation method of 10 years risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases” developed by the Collaborative Research Group of the National 10 th Five Year Plan Project was used to assess the risk of ICVD in postmenopausal women. Based on society ecosystems theory, some questionnaires, such as the general information questionnaire, type D personality scale, self-rating depression scale, social support rating scale, the Women's Health Initiative physical activity questionnaire and the abbreviated–neighborhood environment walkability scale, were adopted to discuss the related influencing factors of the risk of ICVD in postmenopausal women.All data were calculated and verified by two people using the SPSS software version 18.0. The quantitative data were showed as mean ± standard deviation accorded with normal distribution, or they were described as the median and interquartile range. The qualitative data were showed as frequency and percentage. T test and Chi-square were used to analyze the related influencing factors of risk of ICVD in postmenopausal women, and binary logistic regression model was used to conduct a multi factorial analysis. P < 0.05 was considered with statistically significant difference.ResultsThe exposure rate in the abnormal weight gain, hypertension,smoking, dyslipidemia,diabetes of the postmenopausal women was 48.33%, 34.33%, 65.00%, 10.67%, 65.00% respectively. The population with less than 3 risk factors accounted for 79.00%, others accounted for 21.00%.The rate of extremely low risk group, low-risk group, moderate group, high-risk groups and extremely high risk group was 56.67%, 12.33%, 19.33%, 10.33%, 1.33% respectively, and the difference between age groups was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The risk exposure level of ICVD in postmenopausal women was high and along with the age growth, it presented a tendency of increasing risk.The result of single factor analysis revealed that the monthly income, times of pregnancy and production, work status, whether exposure to second-hand smoke or third-hand smoke, easy to get healthy food, attend lectures cardiovascular disease(CVD), physical activity, depression, type D personality, social support, and environmental factor, were associated with risk of ICVD among postmenopausal women, the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).The result of binary logistic regression showed that the monthly income, times of production, whether exposure to second-hand smoke or third-hand smoke, easy to get the health food, physical activity, depression, type D personality, social support and environmental factor were associated with the risk of ICVD in postmenopausal women(P < 0.05). Thereinto, easy to get healthy food(OR = 0.242, 95% CI: 0.059 ~ 0.994), social support(OR = 0.861, 95% CI: 0.789 ~ 0.941) and environmental factor(OR = 0.866, 95% CI: 0.801 ~ 0.937) were the protective factors; the time of production(OR = 3.795, 95% CI: 1.657 ~ 8.689), exposure to second-hand smoke or third-hand smoke(OR=2.886, 95% CI: 1.087 ~ 7.659),depression(OR = 1.193, 95% CI: 1.072 ~ 1.328) and type D personality(OR = 1.148, 95% CI: 1.044 ~ 1.264) were the risk factors; monthly income(OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 1.000 ~ 1.001) and physical activity(OR = 0.999, 95% CI: 0.998 ~ 0.999) had little associated with the risk of ICVD among postmenopausal women. ConclusionThe risk exposure level of ICVD in postmenopausal women is higher, and that would be far more likely for them to suffer from ICVD in the next 10 years. Easy to get healthy food, social support and environmental factor were the protective factors; the time of production, exposure to second-hand smoke or third-hand smoke, depression and type D personality were the risk factors. Therefore, we should strengthen the prevention and intervention of cardiovascular disease for postmenopausal women in order to reduce its morbidity and mortality. Meanwhile, it is important to control and reduce risk factors and increase the protection factors. |
PDF Full Text Request