A Research On STA In Different Populations Of Painless Tooth Extraction

Tooth extraction is the most common outpatient surgery, and oral local anesthesia(local anesthesia) is the key factor to ensure the smooth surgery. Therefore, the majority of dental surgeons are exploring and pursuiting how to achieve the painless anesthesia and painless extraction. The basic idea of single tooth anesthesia(STA) is to reduce pain and side effects caused by the equipment, process and narcotic drugs of anesthesia, thereby achieving the painless treatment[1]. However, the degree of reducing the pain is necessary to be proved through the further studies. Therefore, this article discussed STA reduced the degree of pain during anesthesia and tooth extraction.In the research, data about patients with tooth extraction from January 2014 to October 2014 in our hospital were collected and analyzed. To compare the two anesthesia equipments in reducing the pain during anesthesia and tooth extraction, the changes of physiology and psychology indicators were recorded.Among them, the two anesthetic instruments are STA(test group) and traditional card syringe(traditional syringe)(control group). The physiology indicators include systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), heart rate(HR), pulse(P) and oxygen saturation(SO2). Psychology indicators include visual analog scale(VAS), the Kuttner law(Kuttner), the Frankl behavior rating scale(Frankl) and the Houpt behavior rating scale(Houpt).Moreover, the types of anesthesia were selected by different positions of teeth, including supraperiosteal infiltration(SI), posterior superior alveolar nerve block anesthesia(PSA), the inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia(IAN) and periodontal ligament injection(PDL).The study was divided into three parts:Part 1 The application of STA in general patients undergoing tooth extractionA total of 93 patients were included in the study. The types of anesthesia were SI, PSA and IAN.The results showed:1. There was no significant difference in the physiology indicators during anesthesia between the two groups(P>0.05).2. There was significant difference in the psychology indicators during anesthesia between the two groups. Compared with the control group, VAS and Kuttner values decreased, but Frankl and Houpt values increased in the test group(P<0.05).3. For each type of anesthesia, VAS and Kuttner values decreased, but Frankl and Houpt values increased during anesthesia in the test group. However, the difference was statistically significant only in PSA and IAN(P < 0.05).4. The physiology and psychology indicators during extraction in two groups had no significant difference(P>0.05).Part 2 The application of STA in patients with dental anxiety undergoing tooth extractionA total of 170 dental anxitey patients were included in the study. Before anesthesia,all patients were above 11 scores assessed by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale(MDAS) The kind of tooth was classified as: simple tooth, complex tooth and buried impacted tooth. The types of anesthesia were SI, PSA, IAN and PDL.The results showed:1. There was no significant difference in the physiology indicators during anesthesia between the two groups(P>0.05).2. There was significant difference in the psychology indicators during anesthesia between the two groups. Compared with the control group, VAS and Kuttner values decreased, but Frankl and Houpt values increased in the test group(P<0.05).3. For the same kind of tooth, VAS and Kuttner values decreased, but Frankl and Houpt values increased during anesthesia in the test group. However, the difference was statistically significant only in the buried impacted tooth extraction(P <0.05).4. For each type of anesthesia, VAS and Kuttner values decreased, but Frankl and Houpt values increased during anesthesia in the test group. However, the difference was found significantly when performing IAN than other anesthesia types(P < 0.05).5. The physiology and psychology indicators during extraction in two groups had no significant difference(P>0.05).Part 3 The application of STA in the elderly patients undergoing loose tooth extractionA total of 52 patients were included in the study. Among all elderly patients, the degree of loose teeth was above I and divided into the degree of II and III before anesthesia. The type of anesthesia was PDL.The results showed:1. In addition to DBP,there was no significant difference in the physiology indicators during anesthesia between the two groups(P>0.05).2. There was significant difference in the psychology indicators during anesthesia between the two groups. Compared with the control group, VAS and Kuttner values decreased, but Frankl and Houpt values increased in the test group(P<0.05).3. For the same degree of loose teeth, VAS and Kuttner values decreased, but Frankl and Houpt values increased during anesthesia in the test group. The differences were found significantly in addition to the VAS value in the degree of III(P<0.05).4. The physiology and psychology indicators during extraction in two groups had no significant difference(P>0.05).In short, STA can effectively reduce the degree of pain during anesthesia in the dental patients undergoing tooth extraction, including dental anxiety patients and the elderly patients. Meanwhile, STA can help to relieve anxiety level in patients with dental anxiety and decrease complications in elderly patients suffering from cardiovascular and other systemic disease. Thus, patients could get a painless, comfortable and safe tooth extraction.