The Consumption Of Aquatic Product And The Development Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: to investigate the consumption of aquatic food by pregnant women in the Wuhan area, specifically the type and amount consumed, and discuss the relationship between aquatic food intake and gestational diabetes mellitus.Subjects and Methods: the subjects of this investigation were pregnant women involved in Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort(TMCHC) study. A total of 914 subjects who visited the hospitals join in TMCHC between January, 2014 and August,2015 and planned to do their routine visits and deliver at the same hospitals were included. Upon their first visiting(8 to 13 weeks of gestation), general information including height, weight, family history, lifestyle data were collected. At 16 to 28 weeks of gestation, trained researchers collected data regarding the food consumed in the previous month by all subjects using a food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).Between 24 to 30 weeks of gestation, all subjects were required to do a oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) by the hospital.Aquatic food intakes were divided into the quartile to compare the differences between each of the groups. For qualitative data,analysis of Variance( ANOVA) was used. For quantitative data, disorder data were analyzed using the Chi squared test orthe Fisher's exact test, order data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results: the median intake of aquatic food products were 24.4g/day(P25:12g/day,P75:47.9g/day)freshwater fish intake contributed to 76%, shrimps and crabs 13%, saltwater fish 10% and shellfish 1%. more than half of the subjects of this study did not consume these two kinds of seafood.The household income per person was related to the consumption of aquatic food,32.8% of women in the income less than 3000 yuan group had a daily intake of more than 47.9g. Other factors including age,pregnancy BMI, education levels, occupation,race had no effect on the intake of aquatic food.Total aquatic food intake is related to the levels of energy and some nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, p<0.05.Conclusion: this investigation found that aquatic food consumed by pregnant women in the Wuhan area is lower than recommended nutrient intake(RNI). The aquatic food consumed mostly included freshwater fish, shrimps and crabs, whereas saltwater fish and shellfish were minimal. The group with lower household income per person had a highest percent in higher intake of fish products, other income groups did not differ. Total aquatic food intake related to the levels of total energy, proteins,carbohydrates, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. The amount of aquatic food consumed was not significantly related to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.