| wheat peptides are bioactive peptides obtained from wheat protein. The current study findings showed that wheat peptides possessed lots of biological activities,such as immune regulation, antioxidant, lowering blood pressure and so on. At present, few academic researches for protective effects of wheat peptides on gastrointestinal functions were made. Therefore, this paper will intend to explore the effect and mechanism of wheat peptides on protective effect of the gastrointestinal functions in animals. Research includes the following three parts:Part ?:The effect of wheat oligopeptides on ethanol-induced gastricmucosal damage in ratsObjecive:Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to gastric mucosal damage and the present work was aimed to examine the protective effect of wheat oligopeptides in the model rats with gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol.Methods:Wheat oligopeptides (83,167 or 333 mg/kg), cimetidine (65 mg/kg), or distilled water were administered daily by gavage for 30 days before the rats were treated with anhydrous ethanol (1mL) and then animals were euthanized 1 h after ethanol ingestion. Histological observations was performed, so were antioxidation effect, anti-inflammatory action and caspase-3.Results:Histological observations showed that ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage was attenuated by wheat oligopeptides pretreatment.Wheat peptides remarkably increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2) levels in serum. The treatment of wheat peptides dramatically decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA), platelet-activating factor (PAF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in serum. The expression level of caspase-3 in stomach was significantly decreased in wheat oligopeptides-treated rats comparing with the model group, however, the expression level of EGFR was markedly increased.Conclusion:Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats can be prevented by wheat oligopeptides. And the potential mechanism may be associated with enhancement of antioxidation, anti-inflammatory action and anti-apoptosis function.Part ?:The protective effects of wheat oligopeptides on gastrointestinal mucosal natural aging in aged miceObjecive:The present work was aimed to examine the protective effect of wheat oligopeptides ongastrointestinal mucosal natural aging in aged mice. The results offered experimental basis for the development of Wheat oligopeptides as a kind of function food.Methods:72 aged mice(18 months old) were randomly divided into six groups,12 for each group.10 young mice (6 months old) were regarded as young control group. Wheat oligopeptides (25,50,100,200 or 400 mg/kg) or distilled water were administered daily by gavage for 30 days before the mice were treated. Histological observations was performed, so were antioxidation effect and intestinal mucosal aminopeptidase.Results:Histological observations showed that gastrointestinal mucosal natural aging was attenuated by Wheat oligopeptides pretreatment. Wheat oligopeptides remarkably increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and catalase (CAT) activity and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) in serum, mucous membrane of stomach and mucous membrane of small intestine. The treatment of Wheat oligopeptides dramatically decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum, mucous membrane of stomach and mucous membrane of small intestine. The aminopeptidase (ANP) activity of mucous membrane of small intestine was significantly decreased in wheat oligopeptides-treated mice comparing with aged control group.Conclusion:A certain degree of aging was observed on gastrointestinal mucosal in the aged mice. wheat oligopeptides administration exerted effective protection on gastrointestinal mucosa in the aged mice. Protective way was associated with increasing its antioxidant enzyme activity and intestinal absorption.Part III:The effect of hydrolyzed wheat protein peptide on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in ratsObjecive:The present work was aimed to examine the protective effect of hydrolyzed wheat protein peptide (HWP) in the model rats with gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol. The results offered experimental basis for the development of Wheat peptides as a kind of function food.Methods:According to their weights, adult male rats randomly divided into 6 groups with each 10 rats.Hydrolyzed wheat protein peptide (167,333 or 667 mg/kg), cimetidine (65 mg/kg), or distilled water were administered daily by gavage for 30 days before the rats were treated with anhydrous ethanol (1mL) and then animals were euthanized 1 h after ethanol ingestion. Histological observations was performed, so were antioxidation effect, anti-inflammatory action and caspase-3.Results:Histological observations showed that ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage was attenuated by hydrolyzed wheat protein peptide pretreatment. hydrolyzed wheat protein peptide remarkably increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2) levels in serum. The treatment of hydrolyzed wheat protein peptide dramatically decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA), platelet-activating factor (PAF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in serum. The expression level of caspase-3 in stomach was significantly decreased in hydrolyzed wheat protein peptide-treated rats comparing with the model group, however, the expression level of EGFR was markedly increased.Conclusion:Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats can be prevented by hydrolyzed wheat protein peptide. And the potential mechanism may be associated with enhancementof antioxidation, anti-inflammatory action and anti-apoptosis function. |
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