| Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs)belong to persistent organic pollutants(POPs)and environmental endocrine disruptors(EEDs),as important plastic additives and pesticide carrier,insect repellent products,lubricants and detergents,cosmetics,fragrance production of raw materials.There are a broad application of PAEs in industrial and agricultural production and daily life.Because PAEs combined with plastic and other products by non covalent,PAEs in plastic products can be released into air by means of filtration,evaporation,and entering human body through many ways.Research has proved that PAEs even in a very low concentration in the human body will interfere with the normal endocrine function of human body,decrease the men's semen quantity,reduce the number of sperm,induce sperm shape abnormality,lead to testicular cancer and male reproductive infertility,increases the risk of female breast cancer and diseases such as obesity,asthma and allergies,uterine fibroids have inseparable connection.Dimethyl phthalate(DMP),diethyl phthalate(DEP),butyl phthalate(DBP)and phthalate(2-ethyl hexyl)phthalate(DEHP)listed by United States environmental protection agency(EPA)and China's environmental monitoring station as priority control environment pollution.Animal experiments showed that certain kinds of PAEs,especially DEHP,DBP has obvious reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity.Our previous research showed that PAEs were the main kind pollutants in the three gorges reservoir area with the total concentration 45.41 ?g/L,including DBP concentration 22.8 ?g/L.Analysis of organic pollution in chongqing maternal body showed that 292 kinds of organic pollutants were determined,and PAEs also were the main pollutants,with DBP concentrations 84.75±33.52 ?g/L which higher than the concentration of environment.It show that there are serious PAEs pollution in Chongqing people.Because the special work requirement for traffic and patrol policemen,they have to work long time outdoor.So the air quality is very important to traffic and patrol policemen's health.In this research,two areas are chose according to the 2013 annual chongqing air quality ranking released by the chongqing environmental monitoring center,one is urban area(Jiulongpo)which represents the bad air quality area and another is countryside(Wuxi)which represents the good air quality area.The PAEs level,sexual hormone level in traffic and patrol policemen body were detected.The PAEs concentration in working air TSP also were detected.The results showed that 14 kinds PAEs were detected in population with high frequency.There was significant difference of PAEs level and sexual hormone between these two area policemen.There was also significant difference of PAEs concentration in TSP between these two area.This results will provide basis for health protection of traffic patrol policemen.1.Methods 1.Population Recruit 60 traffic and patrol policemen in Chongqing were recruited from two areas(32 from Jiulongpo district and 28 from Wuxi county).Inclusion criteria: Male,working outdoor more than 2 years.Exclusion criteria: serious illnesses,Lost fluid within a week.2.Detection of 14 kinds PAEs After Health education,traffic and patrol policemen were asked to sign the agreement form.5 ml venous blood sampled from traffic and patrol policemen using glass vacuum tube anticoagulant.Blood sample were stored in dry ice when shipping(keeping temperature in 4 ?)and stored in refrigerator under-80 ? until determination.Reference to our previous methods to extract PAEs from blood.GC/MS was used to detect the PAEs concentration.3.Detection of 6 kinds sexual hormones The samples were sent to Xin Qiao hospital of Third military medical university to check the hormone concentration.After frozen centrifugation,Radioimmunoassay(RIA)was used to detect six sex hormones.4.Air sample collection and detection Two areas are chose,one is urban area(Jiulongpo District)which represents the bad air quality area and another is countryside(Wuxi County)which represents the good air quality area.At each area platform for the traffic and patrol,sampling method and quality control reference to GB/T 15432-1995.Atmospheric sampling apparatus(pu 2030)was used to sample total suspended particle(TSP)in air at a 1.5 m high above the ground.The organic matter was removed on the membranes of the glass fiber filter before sampling.After sampling 24 h with 100 L/min rate,the membranes were stored in dry ice when shipping(keeping temperature in 4 ?)and stored in refrigerator under-80 ? until determination.Reference to method reported by Psillakis E1,PAEs extract from TSP.GC/MS was used to detect the PAEs concentration.2.Results(1)PAEs level in traffic and patrol policemen of Chongqing 14 kinds PAEs were detected: DMP,DEP,DIBP,DBP,DMEP,BMPP,DEEP,DPP,DNHP,BBP,DBEP,DCHP,DEHP,DNOP.Detection rate of DBP?DNOP?DMP?DIBP?DCHP?DEHP 100%>DEP(98.33%)>DBEP(86.67%)>DPP(80%)>DMPP(76.67%)>DNHP?BBP(66.67%)>DMEP(60%)>DEEP(30%).DEHP average concentration is 611.17 ?g/L,DCHP average concentration is 610.53 ?g/L,DBEP average concentration is 193.91 ?g/L,DBP average concentration is 150.83 ?g/L.The PAEs level in urban area policemen were higher than that in countryside policemen.There are significant difference of DMP,DEP,DEEP,DNHP,BBP and DBEP between policemen in urban area and countryside.(2)Sexual hormone level in traffic and patrol policemen of Chongqing Except prolactin level ranged out the normal standard in traffic and patrol policemen of Chongqing,other five sexual hormones including E2?P?FSH?LH and T range in the normal standard.There was a significant difference of all these six sexual hormones between policemen in Jiulongpo district and Wuxi country.The level of E2?P?FSH in Jiulongpo district policemen were higher than that in Wuxi country,The level of LH?PRL?T in Jiulongpo district policemen were lower than that in Wuxi country.DCHP?DEHP?DMP were positive associated with E2?FSH and negative associated with LH?PRL?T.DEEP?DEP were positive associated with E2?FSH and negative associated with LH.DIBP was positive associated with FSH and negative associated with LH?PRL?T.DMEP was positive associated with FSH and negative associated with PRL.DNOP was negative associated with LH.(3)The possible source of PAEs for traffic and patrol policemen of Chongqing 14 kinds PAEs were detected from both air TSP in Jiulongpo district and Wuxi country.The PAEs level listed from high to low: DCHP?DEHP?DBP?DMP?DBEP?DIBP?DMEP?DNOP?DNHP?BBP?DPP?BMPP?DEP?DEEP.There were association of DMP?DEP?DEEP?DNHP?BBP and DBEP between TSP and policemen body.The result imply that the difference PAEs concentration between Jiulongpo district and Wuxi country may induce the difference PAEs level in policemen body in these two area.3.Conclusion In a word,we designed this experiment base on the traffic and patrol policemen health.The PAEs level and sexual level of 60 traffic and patrol policemen from Jiulongpo district and Wuxi country were detected.And we also investigated the possible source of PAEs base on the detection of PAEs in TSP from these two area.Our results indicated that the PAEs pollution in air TSP may be the important source of PAEs pollution in traffic and patrol policemen.So,it's important to make good health protection for traffic and patrol policemen because the long working time outdoor.Our results will provide basis for health protection of traffic patrol policemen. |
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