Analysis On Pharmaceutical And Personal Care Products In Drinking Water And Reactions With Chlorine

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)consist mainly of human medicines, veterinary medicines and other chemical consumer products, besides, they also include the additives and inactive ingredients used during PPCPs production and processing. The usage amount is large in daily life. PPCPs can enter the environment mainly through the direct or indirect discharge of pharmaceuticals, discharge of wastewater treatment plant, sludge reuse and landfill, which lead to pseudo-persistent contaminant.In this work, 19 kinds of typical PPCPs were selected and a method for the simultaneous determination of these PPCPs was established. Then the influence for the degradation of PPCPs by chlorine was investigated. At last, PPCPs' environmental risk was assessed and some conclusions were made as followed:(1)Solid-phase extraction was used as pre-treatment measure and concentration multiple was 1000. The samples were adjusted to three distinct pH values(2, 4.5 and 9) during the SPE process to yield satisfactory recoveries for different compounds. Methanol was used as the eluent and eluent volume was 10 m L. High performance liquid chromatography was used to separate these 19 compounds and tandem mass spectrometry with positive ion mode was used to make quantification. The mixture of acetonitrile and ultrapure water with formic acid was used as redissolve solvent and acetonitrile was used as organic phase during separation. The results showed high sensitivity with relatively high peak height.(2)This method was applied to the analysis of raw water of Jieyuan water treatment plant, treated water of Jieyuan water treatment plant and tap water of the 24 th teaching building of Tianjin university. All of the compounds except sulpride were detected in raw water samples. In treated water samples of Jieyuan water treatment plant, five compounds were detected with four of them showed a detection frequency of 100%, while in tap water samples a total of 10 compounds were detected.(3)Eight typical kinds of PPCPs were selected research the relationship between chlorine and the degradation of PPCPs. Atenolol, sulpride, paroxetine and nadolol were easily degraded by chlorine in treated water and their reactions conformed to the first-order kinetic equation. In ultrapure water samples, their degradation rates which were not resulted from chlorine increased. Sulpride showed faster degradation rate compared with treated water sample detection result. The reactions of atenolol and nadolol also obeyed the first- order kinetic equation.(4)Ecological risk assessment was carried out for ketoprofen, ibuprofen, meclofenamic acid, fenofibrate, bezafibrate and paroxetine. The results showed that ibuprofen produced medium risk for environment in raw water samples and measures should be taken to make an improvement. Meclofenamic acid, ketoprofen and fenofibrate produced low risk for environment.