Current Trends In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Giant Cell Tumor Of Bone

Giant cell tumor of bone is one of the most common primary bone tumors, is a benign, locally invasive tumors. A small number of cases undergo malignant transformation or lung metastasis, namely so-called benign metastasis. Based on the above characteristics, the majority of scholars classify it as low-grade malignant or potentially malignant tumor. The histologic origin is not clear, generally considered to originate from bone marrow mesenchymal tissue. The typical histological appearance is that multinucleated giant cells is dispersed in a large number of mononuclear stromal cells. The typical X-ray features is that the end of the bone show eccentric,osteolytic and cystic destruction without periosteal reaction, expansive growth, cortical thinning and presenting change like a soap bubble. The change of X-ray provide important clues for the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone. CT and MRI can well demonstrate the tumor boundary. ECT can help the exception or diagnosis of multiple lesions. The histology does not predict the clinical outcome;and there are still many unanswered questions with regard to both its treatment and prognosis. Surgery is the main treatment;usually curettage has high recurrence rate. Therefore, it is important to choose the appropriate method of the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone. In recent years, with the progress of science and technology and the deepening of the theory and clinical study, the understanding of the giant cell tumor of bone has increased, but on its biological characteristics, treatment strategies there is still controversial. This paper reviews the diagnosis and the recent advances of the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone.