| Objective:Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in otolaryngology- head and neck surgery, accounting for 11.7% to 22%, ranking first in the north and after nasopharyngeal in the south. Multiple factors affect its development, one of which is the cell cycle regulation. A wispy variation in the regulation may trigger the cell unlimited growth and later cause cancer. The main restriction point--G1/S--plays the most important role in the regulation of cell cycle. As the main controlling factor, the expression of p21 can stagnate the cell cycle in the G1 phase and then inhibit the proliferation. PA28? is a kind of proteasome activator, which can directly mediate the degradation of p21 and play a role against it in the tumor progress. Transforming growth factor?1(TGF?1) is aslo found to be closely associated with the regulation of cell cycle. For the recurrent and unresectable advanced laryngeal cancer patients, there is no effective treatment except for chemotherapy. Current academic efforts to explore the molecular changes in tumor, we followed the new trend, targeted therapy, seeking to develop an effective way to treat cancer. Our study used the immunohistochemical method to evaluate the expression the PA28?, TGF?1 and p21 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC) and the adjacent tissues and analyze the correlation of the three. Accrodding to the result, we try to explore what roles the three act in the development of LSCC, thereby exploring the mechanism of the laryngeal carcinoma and trying to provide a new direction for the treatment of LSCC.Methods:1 The expression of PA28?, TGF?1 and p21 was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC)--SP in 53 cases of laryngeal carcinoma tissue and 17 cases of para-carcinoma tissue.2 SPSS 13.0 was applied to analyze the results of the experiment, P<0.05 indicating statistical differences.Results:1 The expression of PA28?The positive staining of PA28?, presenting the light yellow and dark brown, was located in the nucleus. The positive intensity of PA28? in LSCC was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues, with statistical significant(P<0.05).The positive expression rate of PA28? in LSCC was closely correlated with the pathology classification: The positive expression rate of PA28? in G3 group was 89.5%,higher than 55.9% in G1 and G2 group(P<0.05).But the expression of PA28? was not clearly correlated with age, sex, smoking history, tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and the clinical classification(P>0.05).2 The expression of TGF?1The positive staining of TGF?1 was mostly located in the cytoplasm, appearing with claybank or dark brown. The positive intensity of TGF?1 in LSCC was higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues. The difference had its statistical significance(P<0.05).The positive expression percentage of TGF?1 was strongly linked with the pathology classification, the TNM stage and the lymph node metastasis. The positive expression rate of TGF?1 in G3 group was higher than G1 and G2 group, what ration was 89.5% vs 61.8%.Beyond that, in stage ? and ? laryneal carcinoma cases, the positve rate was higher than that in stage I and ?(87.5% vs 58.6%P<0.05). In addition to above, the positive rate of TGF?1 in the group with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis(90.0% vs 60.6%,P<0.05). However, TGF?1 expression was not clearly correlated with age, sex, smoking history, tumor size and the clinical classification(P>0.05).3 The expression of p21The positive staining of p21 was located in the nucleus, with the claybank or dark brown stains. The expression intensity of p21 in LSCC was lower than that in para-carcinoma tissue, with statistical significance(P<0.05).The result showed that the expression rate of p21 in LSCC was strongly correlated with the TNM stage and the pathology classification. The positive expression rate of p21 in G3 group was lower than G1 and G2 group and the radio was 31.6% vs 70.6% with statistical significance. Besides that,the expression rate of p21 in stage ? and ? cases was statistically lower than that of the stage?, ?(37.5% vs 72.4%, P<0.05).However, the expression of p21 was not clearly correlated with age, sex, smoking history, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and the clinical classification(P>0.05).4 Relationships between PA28?, TGF?1 and p21There was a negative correlation between the expressions of PA28? and TGF?1(r=0.352, P<0.05),yet a positive correlation between PA28? and p21(r=-0.289, P<0.05).Conclusion:1 The PA28? protein showed a high positive expression rate in LSCC while no expression in the adjacent tissues. It revealed that the PA28? protein may be a candidate for a marker of the LSCC.2 The expression of PA28? in LSCC was strongly correlated with the pathology classification, and the expression of TGF?1 was positively correlated with the pathology classification, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. The p21 expression was negative correlated with the the pathology classification and TNM stage. The change of expression with the clinical features suggested that all the three protein may involve in the occurrence and development of LSCC through some mechanisms.3 In LSCC, there was a negative correlation between the expressions of PA28? and p21, while the correlation between PA28? and TGF?1 was positive.4 Detecting the expression level of PA28?, TGF?1 and p21 in LSCC may help to evaluate the prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer and provide new ideas or methods about the targeted therapy for laryngeal cancer. |
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