| No-tillage sowing technique is one of the four key technologies for conservation tillage.It has significant effects in water storage and soil conservation,soil fertility reduction,soil erosion reduction,sand storm suppression,etc.Openers are used as the main soil-contacting components of seed drills.The structural form and related parameters directly affect the quality of the seeder’s operation.In the process of mechanized sowing and fertilization in dryland crops in China,there are mainly problems of large soil disturbance,backward fertilization techniques,and large amount of fertilizer,resulting in poor soil water storage and maintenance after operation,and mixed cultivation of seed fertilizers to cause early-stage seed burn and late-stage fertilizer removal.problem.Based on the above problems,a cross-groove sowing fertilization method was proposed in this paper to realize the seed and seed fertilizer application on both sides and the seed fertilizer,and the base fertilizer was layered and cast.A corresponding new cross slot opener was designed to effectively solve the mechanical sowing and fertilization.The problem of large soil disturbance during the operation has realized seed and fertilizer application and seed fertilizer,and the base fertilizer was layered and cast.The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Determination of cross groove opener structure scheme Based on the cross slot seeding and fertilization mode,the overall design scheme of a cross slot opener with a core-type opener as a setter and horizontal cutters on both sides was determined.The pre-experiment of row seeding,row fertilizer performance and feasibility was conducted.The experiment showed that the scheme was feasible.(2)Cross slot opener design According to the agronomic requirements of maize sowing and fertilization,it was determined that cross cutter length is 80 mm,thickness is 10 mm,horizontal blade angle is 30°,and cross cutters on both sides are analyzed.The range of soil angle is 15°~45°,and the range of back rake angle is 0°~40°.Completed the three-dimensional modeling and trial production of the cross slot opener test device.(3)Soil trough test The structural parameters optimization test of the cross groove opener was completed in the indoor soil trough.Analysis of the test results showed that the cross trough opener was in operation with the soil disturbance rate,soil throw distance,and horizontal force as evaluation indicators.When the speed is 4.1 km/h,the back-inclining angle of the horizontal knife is 20.6°,and the work is best when the soil entering angle is 17°.(4)Research on Microscopic Soil Disturbance Laws Based on Tracer Tracer Method Different trackers with different colors are used to represent the soil at different depths,and the microscopic and quantitative analysis of the soil movement after opener ditching is performed.The results show that when the soil entering angle is 45°,the mixing degree of the soil layer increases with the increase of the soil entering angle;the disturbance range of the surface soil is the largest,the proportion of surface soil in the layer is 74%;when the soil entering angle is 45°,the lower layer The maximum proportion of wet soil turning to the surface layer is 17%;when the soil entering angle is 45°,the proportion of surface soil turning to the bottom layer is 33% as the soil entering angle increases.At the inlet angles of 30° and 45°,the surface tracker side throws amounted to 14 and 13 respectively,indicating that the increase rate of lateral throw of the surface soil decreased. |
