Coupling Effects Of Water And Fertilizer With Drip Irrigation On Spring Maize In Fenhe River Irrigation Areas

Aiming at dealing with the problem of large amount of fertilizer and low utilization rate of water and fertilizer in agricultural production of FenHe irrigation areas,the study was carried on the effects of maize growth,dry matter and nutrients?accumulation,distribution and transport,as well as yield,IWUE,PFP,nutrient distribution and residue with different water and fertilizer supply in order to provide a technical support for high production,efficiency,and less pollution irrigation and fertilizer regulate of maize.The field drip irrigation test was conducted in the water saving demonstration station of water conservancy and hydropower research institute in Shanxi Province.There were three irrigation levels?W₁:60%ETc;W₂:80%ETc;W₃:100%ETc?and three N-P₂O₅-K₂O fertilizer levels?100-50-50,170-75-75 and 240-100-100 kg/hm²;denoted as F₁,F₂,F₃?.The results showed that:?1?In addition to the components of yield,the single factor of fertilization had significant effect on each index.Plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and yield increased with the increasing of irrigation and fertilization.Dry matter distribution amounts to grain increased with the increasing of irrigation and fertilizing amount,the ratio of grain of high water?W₃?treatment was 4%higher than that of low water?W₁?,and high fertilizer?F₃?treatment was 4.64%higher than that of low fertilizer?F₁?.The yield of W₃F₃ treatment was12474.34kg/hm²,38.36%higher than that of W₁F₁ treatment.The utilization efficiency of irrigation water was decreased with the increase of irrigation amount,increased with the increase of fertilizer application rate,and the partial fertilizer productivity increased with the increase of irrigation amount,and decreased with the increase of fertilizer.?2?The accumulation of N,P,K,on aboveground maize in whole growth period was increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilizer amount.The accumulation of N and P reached the maximum at maturity,while the maximum accumulation of K reached at milky,and reduced at maturity.The single factor of irrigation and fertilization had significant effects on nutrient uptake of plants and grains.Organs accumulation of N,P and K changed as single peak curve in addition to the seeds,the distribution of N,P and K in various organs was different during different growth periods.The distribution of N and Pperformanced as seeds>stem>leaf>cob>bract at the harvest period,while K performanced as stem>seeds>leaf>cob>bract.The transshipment of nutritional organs performanced as N>K>P and the nutrient use efficiency performanced as P>K>N.The nutrient use efficiency of N,P and K decreased with the increase of fertilizer amount under W₃treatment,the effects of different factors presented as fertilizer>irrigation>water and fertilizer interaction.?3?The available nutrient content in the profile of soil positively related to fertilization and negatively related to irrigation volume at the harvest period,residual quantity of nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium all processed minimum in W₃F₁.The nitrate nitrogencontent in the soil of different treatments all had a low value area at the depth of 40⁶0cm,the section far away from the root side is larger than that under the dripper.The residual quantity ofavailable phosphorus and available potassiumin the soil mainly gathered at a depth of 0-40cm,andhad no significant change below 40cm.The available phosphorus content in surface soil decreased from dripper to row,available potassium did not have significant migration at radial in the range of 30cm radius with the centered of dripper.In this research,the yield of W₂F₂ treatment was 5.2%lower than W₃F₃ treatment,but saving 528m³/hm² water and 120kg/hm² fertilizer,and the yield irrigation water use efficiency of W₂F₂ treatment was 5.61kg/m³,18.9%higher than W₃F₃ treatment,yield partial fertilizer productivity was 37.05kg/kg,30.7%higher than W₃F₃ treatment.The accumulation and nutrient use efficiency of N,P and Kon aboveground maizeof W₂F₂ treatment respectively presented as 213.5kg/hm²,41.85kg/hm²,137.09kg/hm² and 55.51kg/kg,283.61kg/kg,86.45kg/kg.The accumulation of N,P and K was 7.81%,27.1%and 8.7%lower than W₃F₃treatment,and the nutrient use efficiency was 3.06%,30.48%and 4.16%higher than W₃F₃treatment,furthermore,the transshipment and contribution rate of nutritional organs of W₂F₂treatment was moderate than that of W₃F₃ treatment,which better maintains nutrient transport and later period absorption balance.On this basis,the distribhution and residual of available nutrient in the soil at harvest were less,therefore in comprehensive consideration of high yield and efficiency,water and fertilizer saving,reduce soil nutrient residue and leaching and other factors,80%ETc irrigation amount and N-P₂O₅-K₂O 170-75-75 kg/hm² fertilizer was the suitableirrigation and fertilization model under this test condition.