Research And Integration Of High Yield Cultivation Technologies Of Proso Millet In Shenmu

Proso millet?Panicum miliaceum L.?is one of the important grain crops in the loess plateau region,and Shenmu has a long history of planting proso millet.With the development of China's social and economic level,people's pursuit of healthy diets has become increasingly apparent.In particular,the demand for coarse grains has gradually increased.As one of the important resources for miscellaneous grain products,proso millet has both medicinal and medicinal value,and its economic value is gradually being developed.However,due to the limited production technology of proso millet,the yield per unit area is generally low.Therefore,the research and promotion of efficient cultivation techniques are of great significance to the agricultural production in dry farming areas and the increase of farmers'income.This study mainly analyzed and compared the fertility traits and yields of proso millet varieties which grown in different regions in recent years and screened the proso millet varieties suitable for planting in Shenmu.At the same time,we will carry out trials on the cultivation mode,sowing date,density and fertility of the proso millet,integrate the high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of the proso millet,and conduct demonstrations and promotion.The main conclusions are as follows:1.To identify the varieties of proso millet that are suitable for planting in the dry-farming areas of Shenmu,non-waxy proso millet varieties including Yumi 2,Neimi5,Ningmi14 and so on,waxy proso millet varieties including Yushu1,Jinshu 7,Ningmi 12 and so on.2.In plastic film mulching cultivation,the plant height,the number of main stem segments,the main stem diameter,the number of tillers per plant,the number of spikes per plant and the yield per plant were higher than those of the open field cultivation.The yield of the tested variety:equispaced seeding in the side of plastic film>equispaced seeding on the plastic film>mechanical coating precision seeding>mechanical precision ground sowing.3.With the sowing date delayed,the vegetative growth period and fertility days of the proso millet gradually shortened,the plant height gradually decreased,the stem diameter of the main stem first increased and then became smaller,the number of main stem segments and the number of tillers per plant gradually decreased,and the length of the main spike and yield first increased and then decreased with the delay of the sowing date.The overall performance of proso millet in different sowing dates was as follows:B2>B3>B1>B4>B5,so the yield was highest when planted on May 31,reaching 226.8 kg/667 m².4.With the increase of planting density,the plant height,stem diameter,stem length,number of tillers,number of tillers,and length of main panicles of proso millet all showed a downward trend.The yield increased first and then decreased.The overall performance was:M3>M2>M4>M1,so the highest yield at a planting density of 50,000 plants/667m²,reached 225.93 kg/667 m²,and low-density and high-density planting were not conducive to yield increase.5.Different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had relatively greater influence on the plant height,main stem diameter,and main ear length.The plant height was the highest under N₁P₀,and the stem diameter was the highest under N₃P₁,and the main spike length was longest under N₁P₀.In N₃P₀,N₂P₀ and N₃P₁,the yield of proso millet was very high,which Showed that nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor affecting the yield of proso millet in Shenmu.6.Dry powder seed dressing:formula 1?carbendazim+triadimefon+imidacloprid+methomyl+potassium dihydrogen phosphate+others?;formula 2?thiophanate-methyl+triadimefon+imidacloprid+methomyl+phosphate two Potassium hydrogen+other?.Before seeding,the seeds of proso millet dressing with formula 1 or formula 2 can effectively control smut.When the ratio of formulation 1 to seeds was 0.3%,the control effect is the best.When the ratio of formulation 2 to seeds was 0.1%-0.3%,the control effect is the best.The pre-emergence herbicide monosulfuron-methyl and the post-emergence herbicide benzopyrazine-2 sodium had good control effects on proso millet and had relatively little effect on the growth and yield of the proso millet.Comprehensive analysis showed that the production of high yield,high quality varieties and supporting cultivation techniques are required for the production of dry wood crops in Shenmu.The main cultivars are Yumi 2,Shanmi 1,Yushu1,and Shanmi 2;In Shenmu,for proso millet the most suitable mode planting was equispaced seeding in the side of plastic film,the most suitable sowing date was about May 31,and the most suitable density was50,000 plants/667m²;Before sowing,dry seed dressing agent was used for seed treatment to prevent smut;In proso millet cultivation,we can add nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer;The weed control should be use the pre-emergence herbicide monosulfuron-methyl and the post-emergence herbicide benzopyrazine-2 sodium.