| Rosa rugosa is a famous traditional flower in China.It is also a special flower in Shandong province.At present,Rosa rugosa are mainly raw materials of food and perfume industry in the international market,with less ornamental applications.The main reasons are short flowering period and monotonous flower and color,and the vast majority of the varieties have only one flower once a year.Rosa xanthina flowers are golden,with early flowering and large amount of flowers.In this paper,17 interspecific hybrids of wild Rosa rugosa ‘Hunchun'(female parent)and Rosa xanthina(male parent)were obtained as test materials in 2011.From the aspects of morphological characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,fertility,aroma components and aroma,the biological characteristics were analyzed in detail,and the genetic characteristics of the traits were initially explored,which laid a theoretical foundation for genetic breeding of Rosa rugosa.The main results are as follows:1.The 17 hybrids plant types were inherited from the male parents,inheritance of superior parents in most hybrids,and their crown were inherited from the female parent.The new branches of hybrid branches are mostly in between parents,and the new branches are mostly between parents or mother parents;most hybrids are hetero-hereditary and lobule is hereditary,but the number of leaflets is inherited or inherited.Between parents,the hybrid flower color is between different degrees of pink or light yellow,between parents;the diameter of the vast majority of hybrid flowers is between parents;the single flower florescence of hybrid is 2-3d,and the beginning flowering period is mid-April,which is between parents;the flowering period of the hybrid 15 was in mid-April-September,with many seasons flowering and biased to female parent,and the flowering period of the other hybrids was in mid-April-May,with single season flowering and biased to male parent.2.The diurnal variation curve of net photosynthetic rate of hybrid 11,hybrid 14 andhybrid 15 are typical double peaks curve,and the hybrid 8 is a single peak curve;the hybrids showed obvious photosynthetic "midday depression",but hybrid 11,hybrid 14 and hybrid 15 could quickly recover from the noon break;the hybrids and parents both were sensitive to the high light intensity,but the hybrids light inhibition ability were more than parents.In 10:00-16:00,the photosynthetic rate of hybrid 11,hybrid 14 and hybrid 15 were obviously higher than that of parents,showing significant high photosynthetic characteristics,which belonged to high photosynthetic efficiency.3.54 aromatic compounds were detected in 17 hybrid flowers,including alcohols,terpenes,aldehydes,ketones,esters,phenols,alkanes and acid compounds,among them,the relative contents of alcohols and esters are the most,and they tend to female parent.The relative content of phenethyl alcohol in hybrids and female parent was relatively high,with an average content of 42.37%.The hybrid flowers are light in flavor,fresher but slightly oily and mainly inherited from the female parent.4.The hybrid stigma was receptive at first and second days of flowering;most of the hybrids pollen began to appear abnormal in the meiosis period of microspore mother cells,leading to the majority of the pollen grains stayed in the mononuclear edge period,and gradually atrophied and shrivelled,resulting in the failure to produce normal pollen grains;The hybrids are diploid,the same as their parents.After backcross pollination,ovary enlargement can be observed,but it will be dry and shedding after several days. |
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