| Since 2000,through the cultivation of organic blueberries in Guizhou Province,eight varieties of blueberries cultivated got the promotion cultivation.Now it has became the largest organic blueberry production base in Chinese southwest region,the production was exported to Europe,Japan,Southeast Asia and other regions.With the growing scale of planting,the blueberry pest problems became increasingly serious,the prevention and control of blueberry Drosophila became the technical difficulties in the local blueberry industry.In this paper,the repellent and toxicity of the essential oils against to Drosophila melanogaster were carried out.We used the volatility of essential oils to carry out the repellent tests and toxicity tests against Drosophila melanogaster adults,and we also made the main component analysis by GC-MS and some of the related repellent tests of the essential oils which had the siginificant repellence,confirmed the repellence of the essential oils' main compoent and the essential oils in theirselves against blueberry Drosphila melanogaster.Through this paper,it would provide the theory in the field control and prevention against blueberry Drosphila melanogaster.It also provided the technical support to destruct the blueberry Drosphila melanogaster during the storage of the organic blueberry fruit.After the experime nt study,there were some of the following conclusions:(1)The result showed that the repellence of the essential oils from grapefruit,peppermint,juniper,lemon grass,eucalyptus,myrrh had a strong effect,the repellence rate of these essential oils reached 93.3%?85.6%?84.4%?83.3%?83.3%?83.3% respectively.Especially,the repellence of grapefruit essential oil had a significa nt diffenence with the other 27 kinds of the essential oils.In other hands,the essential oils from basil,fennel and thyme essential oils showed a strong attractivity,the attractivit y rate reached more than 70%,and the basil essential oil was the most attractive,its attractivity rate reached 76.7%,and the repellence of basil essential oil had not a significant diffenence with fennel and thyme essential oil,but it had a significa nt difference with the other 25 kinds of the essential oils.The contents of Lamiaceae and citrus in rutaceae were the highest,accounting for 25% and 20% in the plants which had the repellence effect respectively.(2)The result showed that the six kinds of essential oils showed a high toxicity to the Drosophila melanogaster adults except the lemon grass oil,and the dose effect parameter ? was in accordance with the dose range of the insects which was reported in foreign countries.And Tween-20 as the complex solubilizer had a less toxic to Drosophila melanogaster adults.In addition to lemon grass essential oil,the lethal rate of the other five essential oils to Drosophila melanogaster adults had a significant and very significant difference between each time periods in comparison to Tween-20.(3)In this study,it was found that the toxicity of the essential oils could increase with the enhancement of the concentration of the essential oils(1%,0.5%,and 0.1%)against Drosophila melanogaster.Except the myrrh essential oil,the toxicity of 0.1% myrrh essential oil was higher than 0.5% myrrh essential oil against Drosophila melanogaster adults.The study also found that female Drosophila melanogaster adult were more sensitive to essential oils than male Drosophila melanogaster adult.Among them,the peppermint essential oil had the strongest virulence to Drosophila melanogaster,and the median lethal concentration of LC50 in male and female Drosophila was 5.70?l/l and 10.17?l/l respectively in 30 minites,followed by grapefruit essential oil and eucalyptus essential oil.Solvent Tween-20 had the lowest virulence to Drosophila melanogaster,and the complex solubilizer Tween-20 had the smallest toxicity against Drosophila melanogaster,LC50 was only 0.2×106?l/l in 24 hours.(4)The gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to identify the six essential oils which had the significant repellence,and the known components of the essential oils accounted for more than 99% in the total oils.The main components of grapefruit essential oil were D-limonene(82.70%),D-citronellol(3.17%)and lauric acid(2.87%).The main components of peppermint essential oil were menthol(48.05%),menthol(17.51%),and Menthofuran(8.29%).The main components of juniper essential oil were a-Caryophyllene(81.16%),big geranene-D(6.54%),and 18-crown-6-ether(2.18%).The main components of myrrh essential oil were D-citronellol(33.04%),vanillin formate(9.99%)and jasmone(7.54%).The main components of eucalyptus essential oil were eucalyptol(88.02%),hexaethylene glycol(3.34%),15-Crown-5(2.05%).The main components of lemon grass essential oil were ?-citral(35.68%),citral b(9.41%),and ?-myrcene(5.66%).(5)The results showed that the highest component in the six essential oils was higher than that of the essential oil,indicating that the other components had a negative repellence influence to Drosophila melanogaster.In addition to juniper essential oil and lemon grass essential oil,the repellence of the second highest component in the other four kinds of essential oils was lower than the essential oil's repellence.In the main components of the essential oils,D-limonene,D-citronellol,menthol,?-carnosene,big geranene-D,citral a,eucalyptol,18-crown-6 and citral b had a significant difference between the other eight components.The repellence effect of D-limonene on female Drosophila melanogaster was the best,it could reach the number of 96.67%,followed by D-citronellol(88.00%)and menthol(88.00%). |
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