| Along with the continuous deepening of the agricultural industry structure adjustment,the extension of the land consolidation has been expanded continuously to satisfy with the grain and oil production,gradually forming a land consolidation system with the grain and oil planting base,vegetable planting base and fruit planting base as the main goal.In order to guide the high-standard basic farmland construction,relevant national departments and local competent departments have issued standards and norms in succession that are characterized by the guidance of land consolidation in a general sense with the weak specificity to the specific agricultural industry base,so they are difficult to take into account special circumstances of various types of industrial bases' construction.With the development of large-scale agricultural land management,concentrated industrial bases will continue to increase,and industry-oriented land consolidation tasks are also increased,so the necessity to explore standard basic farmland construction mode and standard under the orientation of different industries is highlighted.In this paper,with three kinds of typical high standard basic farmland water conservancy construction projects under the orientation of different industries in Chongqing as an example,the author has compared and summarized the water source project,drainage irrigation project and field road construction project of three kinds of typical high standard basic farmland water conservancy construction projects under the orientation of different industries through data and field investigation of the grain and oil base,vegetable base and fruit based on analysis of balance of water resources in three bases.And then,the evaluation index system and the index weight ranking model,in order to the design standard of high-standard basic farmland water conservancy project under the orientation of different industries,and evaluate whether the water source project,drainage irrigation project and field road construction project can meet the local economic,ecological and other needs.Finally,the author has combed the characteristics of basic farmland water conservancy project under the orientation of different industries so as to guide the high-standard farmland planning and design under the orientation of different industries.(1)The secondary impact of primary weights of criterion tier includes the cost of per acre,the operation and management fees,the internal yield rate,etc.Therefore,the main task of water conservancy project construction of grain and oil production bases is to improve the infrastructure,agricultural mechanization and large-scale production conditions so as to promote the sustainable development of grain and oil base.(1)Water conservancy engineering aims to solve the supply and demand and uniformity,and is based on the cost and resource utilization efficiency.According to the water demand of cereal and oils crops in the project area,the uniformity degree of water resources distribution in the project area and the topography and geomorphology of the project area,the layout of water resources projects should be in line with local conditions.(2)Irrigation and drainage engineering design,taking the function of Irrigation and drainage as the premise,based on cost,considers the constrains of efficiency,safety and reliability.The primary goal of water conservancy project of grain and oil base is to facilitate the production,and improve the level of grain and oil base productivity.In the hills and valleys,drainage and drainage system is placed along a longitudinal direction of valleys and hills.In the narrow flatland,drainage and drainage system is placed along a vertical and horizontal direction and its spacing should be controlled between 120 m and 150 m.Drainage and drainage system has a design flexible layout by the form of M7.5 Masonry chipped ashlar rectangular drainage ditch,M10 standard red brick irrigation ditch and the water conservancy project of road leading by ditch.Irrigation and drainage ditch use reinforced prefabricated hollow board to layout ditch every 10-20 m and design mechanical aisle every 300-500 m.(3)Field road construction is divided into tractor road,production sidewalk,with the specifications of 3.5-4.0m and 1.2-1.8m respectively.Its overall layout shows road network structure,and the main machine road and the main road connected.The tractor-trail design can be done with shale backfill or soil compaction as a foundation,with a hand-placed riprap of 25 cm and with thick gravel of 10 cm as a pavement.Production sidewalk is recommended to use M7.5 stone or M10 standard red brick structure.(2)The water conservancy project construction of vegetable base focus on considering the economic benefits and consideration of the ecological environment of vegetable base.This construction of water conservancy projects not only pay attention to the characteristics of water conservancy projects themselves,but also take into account the overall relationship among cost,efficiency,and efficiency.The water conservancy project construction model of vegetable base is as followed:(1)According to the vegetable's water demand and water supply in drought,water balance analysis is carried out and its analysis of the results are used to make decisions on water source construction.To balance the total amount of water,land costs,and the scale of construction is aimed to reduce the profit margins of vegetable base.(2)Irrigation and drainage engineering design not only meets the need of irrigation and drainage,but also saves the land and rationally uses irrigation and drainage system according to industrial planning and the terrain and geomorphology for reasonable layout drainage irrigation system,so as to consider both irrigation and drainage.In terms of design,the main body is recommended for the M7.5 stone or the ectangular drainage ditc of M10 standard red brick structure stamped with prestressed hollow board.(3)After the use of functional factors in the road,the field road design should also consider the tourism and leisure.Vegetable base field road design takes 3.5m-4m tractor road,1.8m-2.0m farming road,and 1.2m-1.0m production road as the backbone of field road so as to form a network system of road.Trail Road is recommended to use C20 concrete pavement and connect with the road.The C20 concrete pavement and the stone or piled standard red brick structure are recommended for farming and production road.(3)The degrees of fusion between water conservancy construction of fruit base and the third industry is high.The water conservancy construction of fruit base focus on economic benefits,the commercialization of fruit products and the social effects of tourism.The construction mode of fruit base is followed:(1)According to the water demand of the fruit crop,the uniformity of the distribution of water resources in the field,the construction of the water source project determines the scale of the water project and considers the landscape function on the basis of cost control and land saving.The dam body of agricultural water engineering,mountain Pingtang,can choose homogeneous earth dam,stone masonry dam or concrete gravity dam,and its dam crest needs to be hardened and connected to the tractor road.(2)Drainage irrigation system engineering design of fruit base not only should meet the need of irrigation and drainage of of the project area itself,but also should need to save land costs,so as to facilitate tourism.In the layout,the irrigation and drainage system needs to form a complete drainage pipe network,and the drainage irrigation system is recommended to use M7.5 mortar stone irrigation and drainage ditch covered with prestressed hollow slab or M10 prestressed hollow slab with reinforced red brick structure.(3)The layout of the field road is mesh.Large-scale tourist park mainly equipped with 1.8-2.0m wide tillage road and 1.2-1.0m wide pedestrian walkway.The tractor road is recommended to use water layer hardening road with C30 concrete and 2cm thickness and to set a wrong lane every 100-150 m.Farming Road and pedestrian walkway generally use water layer hardening road with C30 concrete and 2cm thickness and also have a reasonable choice of ground pavement,design stairs with step calculation and flexibly design features trails in steep slopes. |
PDF Full Text Request