| In recent years,the climate change mainly caused by the greenhouse effect has become the global focus.The climate change leads to a series of problems,such as the uneven distribution of precipitation,warmer up intensified,Increased transpiration,the reduction of water and nutrient use efficiency.Therefore,it has become the focus of current research on how to ensure the stable yield of corn,to ensure high and stable yield of corn,improve water and fertilizer use efficiency.In this experiment,the effects of different precipitation,phosphorus application and their interactions on maize economic yield,water and fertilizer uptake efficiency,soil water dynamics and apparent phosphorus balance were simulated by using drip irrigation replenishment measures under natural precipitation.The conclusions were as follows:1.Effects of Different Water Supply and Phosphorus Application on the Maize Yield and the Dry Matter AccumulationThe interaction of water and phosphorus could improve the yield of maize significantly,and the two factors of water and phosphorus had positive interaction effect,but too much water supply or phosphorus rates were not conducive to improve the maize of yield.Under this experimental condition,the yield of W3P3 was the highest,that is when the water supply was about 508 mm and the amount of P2O5 was 220 kg/hm2,the yield of maize could be up to 13913.8kg /hm2.The appropriate amount of water supply would promote the dry matter accumulation of maize plants,the dry matter accumulation tends to be stable if it exceeds a certain amount;the increasing the amount of water supply could promote the dry matter accumulation of maize in a certain range of phosphorus rates,which is beneficial to the formation of maize grain yield in late growth period.2.Effects of Different Water Supply and Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Accumulation and Nutrient Use Efficiency of MaizeThe interaction of water and phosphorus could improve the yield of maize significantly in a certain range.Under the same water supply condition,the phosphorus accumulation in maize plants showed increase first and then decrease with the increase of P;under the same phosphorus condition,the phosphorus accumulation in maize plants increase with the increase of the water supply,but in W2?W3 conditions,the phosphorus accumulation in maize plants of each treatment was not significant.The rate of phosphorus uptake and accumulation increased rapidly at the two stages of the trumpet-tassel stage period and tassel stage-grain filling stage,the average accumulation rate was 2.07 kg/hm2*d and 1.32 kg/hm2*d.The utilization rate of P fertilizer was positively correlated with water supply and negatively correlated with P content.In the amount of water and phosphorus conditions,it can increase the postponing phosphorus application and phosphorus agronomic efficiency significantly.3.Effects of Different Water Supply and Phosphorus Application on Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of MaizeDifferent water supply and phosphorus rates on the water consumption of each stage of maize influenced the performance with the advance of the growth period showed the first high low high trend,the average water consumption intensity showed a single peak trend,water consumption peak in jointing stage tassel stage and tassel filling stage,the average consumption is 109.95 mm and 124.32 mm,the total water consumption increased with the rate of phosphorus and water supply,but the water consumption peak stage water consumption is W2>W3>W1>W0.The effect of different precipitation and phosphorus application on maize water use efficiency was significant.With the increase of precipitation,the water use efficiency(WUEET.Y)of maize showed a decreasing trend,and the water use efficiency(WUEET.Y)increased with the increase of phosphorus application rate.Under the experimental conditions,the water use efficiency of W1P2 was the highest,reaching 34.66 kg/(hm2.mm).4.Effects of different water supply and phosphorus rates on phosphorus balance in soil-maize systemUnder the condition of different water supply and phosphorus application,the content of available P in soil decreased with the growth period of maize,and the content of available phosphorus in the maize trumpet-tassel stage and tassel stage-grain filling stage was less.Under the same water supply condition,the content of available phosphorus in soil increased with the increase of phosphorus rate.However,under the same phosphorus application rate,the content of available phosphorus in the soil of maize maturity was mainly concentrated in 0-40 cm soil layer.And the content of available phosphorus in soil was decreased with the soil depth;the content of available phosphorus in 60-100 cm soil layer was not significant.There was a linear relationship between the crop uptake and phosphorus deficit,when the amount of phosphorus application was more than 110 kg/hm2,the soil phosphorus showed a surplus status,and it was positively correlated with P content and negatively correlated with water supply.The actual equilibrium rate of phosphorus was consistent with the trend of soil phosphorus deficit.5.The Technology Mode of High Efficiency Phosphorus Fertilizer Under Different Precipitation ConditionsUnder this experimental condition,when the water supply was about 308 mm,the highest yield can be obtained with P2O5 in 50-60 kg/hm2,the yield was up to 11510-11869 kg/hm2;when the water supply was about 358 mm,the highest yield can be obtained with P2O5 in 70-80 kg/hm2,the yield was up to 12581-12832 kg/hm2;when the water supply was about 408 mm,the highest yield can be obtained with P2O5 in 90-100kg/hm2,the yield was up to 12816-12952 kg/hm2;when the water supply was about 508 mm,the highest yield can be obtained with P2O5 in 125-135kg/hm2,the yield was up to 13707-13823kg/hm2. |
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