| At present,there is a waste of resources and unreasonable ratio of water and fertilizer in the integrated production of water and fertilizer in China,which makes it difficult to increase crop yields.This experiment was carried out in the semi-arid area of western Jilin Province.Through a two-year field experiment(2020-2021),it explored the effects of different water and phosphorus coupling under submembrane drip irrigation on the nutrient accumulation,leaf physiological and biochemical indicators,yield and grain quality of corn,so as to regulate the water and fertilizer of corn Provide theoretical support.The main research results are as follows:1.The influence of water-phosphorus coupling on the physiological and biochemical index of corn leavesThe SOD,CAT,POD activity and soluble sugar of different treated corn leaves all showed a trend of increase and then decline during the fertility period,and the activity reached the highest in the male extraction stage,and the content of soluble protein reached the highest in the grouting period.There is a significant interaction between the amount of irrigation and the amount of phosphorus.All three enzyme activities reached the highest under the condition of 150 mm irrigation.The SOD,POD and CAT activity of W2 treatment increased by 8.5%,13.1%and 10.1%respectively compared with W1 treatment,and 3.6%,5.6%and 4.3%respectively compared with W3 treatment.The enzyme activity reached the highest when the amount of phosphorus was 80 kg/hm~2.The SOD,POD and CAT activity of P1 treatment increased by 14.3%,19.6%and 16.9%compared with P0 treatment,and 1.8%,2.2%and 1.9%respectively compared with P2 treatment.It shows that it is conducive to the improvement of SOD,POD and CAT activity under the condition of 150 mm of irrigation and 80 kg/hm~2.The overall performance of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the critical period of growth is:W3P1>W2P1>W3P2>W2P2>W1P1>W1P2>W3P0>W2P0>W1P0.When the amount of irrigation water is 250 mm and the amount of phosphorus applied is 80 kg/hm~2,the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein is the highest,but there is no significant difference between P1 treatment and P2 treatment.W2P1 treatment is the best water-phosphorus ratio to improve the antioxidant enzyme activity of corn leaves.Excessive or insufficient will affect the physiological and biochemical characteristics of corn.2.The influence of water phosphorus coupling on the phosphorus accumulation of cornUnder the condition of water-phosphorus coupling,the accumulation of phosphorus and the accumulation of phosphorus stage showed a gradual increasing trend in the whole fertility period of corn,both of which showed the highest treatment of W2P1(150 mm of irrigation and 80 kg/hm~2).The accumulation of phosphorus reached its maximum value during the ripening period,with an average of 86.9 kg/hm~2.The accumulation of phosphorus stage has the fastest growth rate from the extraction period to the grouting period.When the irrigation amount is 150mm,the phosphorus accumulation in corn plants gradually increases with the increase of phosphorus application,but when the phosphorus application exceeds 80 kg/hm~2,the phosphorus accumulation in the plant no longer increases,and even shows a decreasing trend.3.Effect of water phosphorus coupling on the accumulation and yield of dry matter in cornUnder the three irrigation levels,the accumulation of dry matter is P1>P2>P0,and the phosphorus treatment is higher than that of non-phosphorus treatment.At the level of P1 and P2 phosphorus application,the accumulation of dry matter is W2>W3>W1.The overall performanceofcornoutputinthetwo-yearfieldtestis:W2P1>W3P1>W2P2>W3P2>W1P1>W1P2>W3P0>W2P0>W1P0.Under the treatment of W3P1(250 mm of irrigation and 80 kg/hm~2).The output of rice is the largest,with an average output of 13360 kg/hm~2in two years.Through interaction analysis,it is shown that the coupling effect of irrigation and phosphorus application has a significant impact on the development and growth of corn.4.Effect of water-phosphorus coupling on the utilization efficiency of corn phosphorus fertilizerThe agronoistic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer,the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and the partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer are the highest in W2P1 treatment,with 36.4kg/kg,30.6%and 167kg/kg respectively.With the increase of phosphorus application and irrigation,the agronoistic efficiency of corn phosphate fertilizer,the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and the productivity of phosphate fertilizer have also increased.However,when it reaches a certain level,the continued irrigation and fertilization will significantly reduce the agronoistic efficiency and utilization.At the same irrigation level,the overall performance of phosphate fertilizer agronoistic efficiency,phosphate fertilizer utilization rate and phosphate fertilizer partial productivity is:P1>P2.It shows that suitable fertilization is conducive to the improvement of phosphorus utilization efficiency.5.The influence of water phosphorus coupling on the accumulation and quality of phosphorus in corn grainsCorn grain phosphorus accumulation,crude protein and starch content all reach the maximum value in the ripening period,and the content of its components increases rapidly from the grouting period to the milk ripening period.The overall performance of phosphorus accumulationandcrudeproteincontentis:W2P1>W3P1>W2P2>W3P2>W1P1>W1P2>W3P0>W2P0>W1P0>W1P0,and the whole fertility period is:W3P1>W2P1>W W1P1>W1P2>W3P0>W2P0>W1P0.At the same irrigation level,the content of grain phosphorin accumulation,crude protein and starch treated by P2 increased by 6.2%,7.1%and 1.1%respectively,with no significant difference.Under the conditions of P1 and P2 fertilization,the grain phosphorus accumulation,crude protein and starch content of W3 treated with W2 increased by 1.8%,0.8%and 0.2%respectively,with no significant difference.Comprehensively considered,W2P1 treatment is the best treatment to improve the accumulation and quality of phosphorus in corn grains.It shows that the appropriate amount of irrigation and phosphorus application can promote the accumulation of corn grains and improve the quality of grains. |
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