Effects Of Near Zero Magnetic Field On The Development,Flight Behaviour And Energy Substrates Of White-backed Planthopper

The geomagnetic field(i.e.,GMF)has been proven to offer orientation information for some living organisms,in addition to this,the relationship between biological evolution and GMF has also drawn an increasing attention.Considering that the current strength of the GMF is diminishing,the near zero magnetic field(i.e.,NZMF)was utilized to simulate the reduced GMF,and in this way to explore the potential bio-effects triggered by decayed GMF and to reveal the potential relationships between the magnetic fields and the biological evolution.Insects,as being the largest animal group on earth,are interacting with their surrounding environment(including biotic and abiotic factors),which is precisely the main study topics of Insect Ecology as well as one of the major forces on insect evolution.Based on Insect Ecology,the adaptive strategies,as well as the corresponding mechanisms of insects in response to their environment can be explored by studying the effects of environmental factors on insects.This study can be expected to offer new ideas in developing methods for biological and physical control.In this research,we chose the white·backed planthopper,Sogoialla furcifera,as the model insect to explore NZMF-triggered MFEs on development,reproduction,flight capacity and energy substances levels.As a result,our study can improve the study on magnetobiology of s.furcifera.1.Effects of NZMF on development and reproduction of S.furciferraIn order to explore the adaptative strategy of S.jurcifera to NZMF,the biological effects on the development and reproduction induced by NZMF were studied.Compared with the GMF,the results showed that NZMF significantly extended the developmental periods of egg by 5.32%.Besides,NZMF also significantly reduced the body weight of both female and male S.furcifera.2.Effects of NZMF on flight capability of macropterous adult S.furcifertaIn this part,with NZMF-WBPH as the research system,the effects of NZMF on flight capacity of macropterous adult S.furcifera were studied.We found that NZMF significantly increased the proportion of brachypterous adults.For the flight capacity,NZMF significantly reduced flight speed(P<0.05),but significantly prolonged flight duration(P<0.05)and flight distance(P<0.05)of the 1-day-old macropterous female adults.Rather,NZMF significantly enhanced flight speed(P<0.05),but significantly shortened the flight duration(P<0.05)and obviously increased flight distance(P>0.05)of the 1-day-old macropterous male adults.In the NZMF,flight speed of males is significantly higher than that of females(P<0.05),while the flight time of male adult is significantly lower than that of females(P<0.05).Given the above,the NZMF affects flight capacity of macropterous adult S.furcifera in a sex-specific way.3.Effects of NZMF on energy substances levels of macropterous adults of S.furciferaThe energy substances can provide energy for life activities through their oxidative metabolism.Glycogen,lipids,Proteins,trehalose,amino acids and other substances are the main energy sources for insects.The energy substances insects ultilize will vary with the insect species,organizations and physiological conditions.In this Parit withS.furcifera as the model insect,we mainly studied the energy substances levels during the flight of adult S.furcifera under NZMF vs.GMF.The results showed that,glucose levels were significantly reduced(P<0.05)in the 1-day-old adult females but significantly increased in the 1-day-old adult males(P<0.05).For the levels of trehalose and triglyceride,no significant difference between NZMF and GMF were found in our study.