Study On The Pollen Fertility And Fecundity Of Introduced Chinese Jujube Varieties In Xinjiang

Chinese jujube(Ziziphus jujube Mill.)is not only the characteristic economy fruit tree but also the one of main dry fruit tree in China.The region of Southern Xinjiang has its unique geographical location and climate conditions providing a suitable environment for Chinese jujube.The cultivation area of Chinese jujube is increasing year by year and the industry of Chinese jujube is booming in this region.The industry of Chinese jujube has become the important pillar of local economy.108 jujube varieties which located in genetic resources nursery in Tarim university were employed to compare and analyze the differences in pollen sterility,stigma receptivity,fruit setting rate,percentage of kernel,fertility,etc and analyze the distribution law of all the characters.By grading all characters and offering the distribution of all the varieties to screen out the varieties whose comprehensive behavior are better.The results were shown as follows:1,Variations of pollen Fertility and Fruiting characters were analyzed,fruit setting rate of self-pollination ranked the highest with variation coefficient of 2.7457,pole-axis length,equator-axis length,flower diameter,size of flower disk and length of stamen were the characters which had lower variability.It was mean that the characters of pollen morphology and flower organs had genetic weaker variability.2,Pollen viability,pollen germination,pole-axis length,equator-axis length,P/E,flower diameter,size of flower disk,length of stamen and stigma receptivity conformed to normal distribution while pollen number per anther,pollen tube length,fruit setting rate of natural-pollination and self-pollination failed to conform to normal distribution.3.Popozao,Fengmiguan and Xuanchengyuanzao,Zhongzaosanhao and Manmanzao were representative of low,middle and high of embryo abundance.From anatomy view observed the pollen fertility and embryo development found that the flower which in 0 level and located 5-7 of one branch had the highest viability.Through observing the growth process of pollen tube found they grew rapidly in different periods,Popozao,Shanxijidanzao had higher growth rate after 14 h of sowing.On the 14 th day of fruit setting Shanxijidanzao,Manmanzao's embryo and endosperm completely disappeared.On the 28 th day and 21 th day Zhongzaosanhao,Xuanchengyuanzao reached their first highest point of abortion.In the whole process Popozao and Fengmiguan had abortion phenomenon but low abortion rate.4,Xuezao's comprehensive fertility was analyzed well which can be used as a reference for the male parent and female parent selection in hybrid breeding and selection of pollination tree in cultivation.Zaoshipozao,Lajiaozao,Zunyitianzao and other 8 varieties had better pollen fertility which can be used as female parent selection in hybrid breeding and selection of pollination tree in cultivation.Manmanzao andLongzao had better pollen fertility and higher fruit setting rate of natural-pollination while low fruit setting rate of self-pollination which can be used as female parent selection in hybrid breeding and selection of pollination tree in cultivation.