| Lentinula edodes is the edible mushroom with the highest annual production in China. In the recent years, with the enlarging of its industrial scale, the cultivation pattern of L. edodes becomes relatively mature. Although the wild strains and cultivar L. edodes germplasm are abundant in China, the cultivated strains adopted in the various regions almost belong to the same type, the strains degenerate seriously and the resistance to other fungi sharply declined. Besides, Trichoderma spp. are competitive and well-adapted, thus usually leading to the compost pollution or artificial log rotting. The repetitive usage of the cultivated places of L. edodes, non-standard L. edodes residue processing and environmental impact lead to a large variety and quantity of Trichoderma spp. in the cultivation environment. The L. edodes cannot resist the competition or infection of various types of Trichoderma spp., thus resulting in heavy economic losses and restricting the stable development of L. edodes industry. The Trichoderma spp. is quite competitive and infectious. T. harzianum and T. atroviride are the common ones damaging L. edodes,thus leading to the decrease of L. edodes in production volume and quality.From 2012 to 2017, the laboratory staffs collected the L. edodes bars infected with Trichoderma spp. in the main L. edodes cultivation places in China in Hubei Province,Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Yunnan Province and so on, and separated and identified six types of Trichoderma spp., which are T. harzianum, T. viride, T. atroviride,T.longibrachiatum, T. pleuroticola and T.oblongisporum n. In the topic, T. harzianum, T.atroviride and T.oblongisporum are chosen. By adopting the dual culture method, the working staffs conducted experimental observation towards the interaction among the above three Trichoderma spp. types, 90 cultivated strains and 127 wild strains. By observation, the contrast is made in terms of colonial morphology, and whether there is the antagonistic streak or not and its degrees of the color are researched. Besides, the resistance of L. edodes resources to Trichoderma sp is evaluated. In addition, the glass tube contrast test was conducted for further verification. The research reveals that there are significant differences among L. edodes groups in resistance to other fungi towards the three Trichoderma spp. types chosen for the research.In the opposing reaction of L. edodes mycelia to T. atroviride, mycelia, there are significant differences among L. edode resources in resistance to Trichoderma spp.mycelia. Based on the result,the L. edode resources (90 cultivated strains and 127 wild strains) can be divided into the strong resistant group, weak resistant group and highly susceptible group. Among 127 wild strains, 58 strains like Y88, Y12, Y3334 and so on belong to strong resistant group, 65 strains like Y1, Y2, Y3357 and so on belong to the weak resistant group, 4 strains Y4, Y55,Y292 and Y1555 belong to highly sensitive group. Among the 90 cultivated strains,8 strains Z1,Z5,Z9,Z12,Z26,Z54,Z67 and Z72 belong to the strong resistant group, 8 strains Z3,Z8,Z21,Z28,Z33,Z36,Z37 and Z71 belong to the weak resistant group, 74 strains like Z2, Z4, Z5 and so on belong to highly sensitive group.In the opposing reaction of L. edodes mycelia to T. atroviride, mycelia, there are significant differences among L. edode resources in resistance to Trichoderma spp.mycelia. Based on the result, the L. edode resources (90 cultivated strains and 127 wild strains) can be divided into the strong resistant group, weak resistant group and highly susceptible group. Among the 127 wild strains,59 strains like Y8,Y12,Y3334 and so on belong to the strong resistant group, 64 strains like Y1, Y3,Y6 and so on belong to the weak resistant group, 4 strains Y65, Y89, Y117 and Y1493 belong to highly sensitive group. Among the 90 cultivated strains, 8 strains Z1, Z5, Z9, Z12, Z26, Z54, Z67 and Z72 belong to the strong resistant group, 8 strains Z3,Z8, Z21,Z28,Z33,Z36,Z37 and Z71 belong to the weak resistant group, 74 strains like Z2, Z4, Z7 and so on belong to highly sensitive group.T. harzianum has a strong infectious capability to shiitake mycelia. Among all the 90 cultivated strains and 127 wild strains, most of them could not resist the infection of T.harzianum. The L. edode mycelia are almost covered by T. harzianum totally, and only a small number of strains show the features of the weak resistance: Y8, Y15,Y16,Y19,Y24,Y45,Y47,Y49,Y51,Y54, Y61,Y68,Y85,Y95,Y98,Y103。Y108,Y109, Y121, Y234, Y292, Y3334 and Y3357.In this paper, the author established the evaluation system of L. edodes resistance to Trichoderma spp. by systematic research. The research reveals that by adopting the dual culture method for test, the growing speed, momentum and antagonistic reaction of L.edodes and Trichoderma spp. are recorded. Besides, the statistics is made towards the growing speed of Trichoderma spp., as well as the inhibition ratio and antagonistic streak width of Trichoderma spp. mycelia towards shiitake mycelia, which can be used to evaluate the resistance of L. edodes resources to Trichoderma spp. By systematic resistance evaluation test, the author screens out the strong resistant strain Y334 and the highly susceptible strain Y55 , that lays the foundation for the subsequent research of resistance mechanism to Trichoderma spp. and selection of disease-resistant variety. |
