| Peanut is an important oil crop in China and the planting area of peanut is bigger in Liaoning Province.However,the low yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut,low utilization rate of fertilizer,environmental pollution and other issues have been caused because of contiguous,excessive fertilizer application for many years.Therefore,it is meaningful that reduced fertilizer alleviates the harm of continuous cropping peanut and reduces agricultural pollution in order to ensure the yield and quality of peanut.In this study,a pot experiment on simulating field test of continuous cropping and the No.5 peanut as the research object was carried out to plant peanut.Effects of growth and fertilizer effect of peanut with amino acid fertilizer and selenium fertilizer in reduced feitilizer process were studied through different soil nutrients in growth period,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,root activity,protective enzyme and determination of the yield and quality of peanut.The findings were as follows:1.The application of amino acid fertilizer and selenium fertilizer could alleviate the loss of soil nitrogen content,and it could provide adequate phosphorus supply for peanut growth.In the whole growth period of peanut,the change of nitrate nitrogen in the soil showed a trend of "decreasing-increasing-decreasing" and ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The content of nitrogen in the needles was 14.1 mg/kg,the least,in soil with reducing chemical fertilizer and the mixed selenium fertilizer.After maturity,the content of available phosphorus was 25.5%higher than that of control group and the potassium was 11.5%higher.2.Reducing chemical fertilizer and the mixed amino acids fertilizer could increase the chlorophyll SPAD value,actual photochemical efficiency,and maximum photochemical efficiency of peanut leaves,increasing by 7%to 15%for SPAD value.Besides,the actual photochemical efficiency and maximum photochemical efficiency of peanut leaves increased by 22.8%,15.4%,3.3%and 6.7%than the control and by reducing chemical fertilizer and the mixed amino acids and selenium fertilizer at the podding stage.Moreover,reducing chemical fertilizer and the mixed selenium fertilizer could improve the activity of peanut root and it was significantly higher than that of control.And it was 2.86 times as high as that one with reducing chemical fertilizer and the mixed selenium fertilizer at the podding stage.3.The activities of protection enzymes,superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase,increased firstly and then decreased in the whole growth period of peanut plant.And then the content of malondialdehyde showed a decreasing trend in peanut roots.Besides,the content of MDA was lower in the roots with reducing chemical fertilizer and the mixed selenium fertilizer and it was remarkable in the pegging stage.It was 48.3%as low as the control.The activities of SOD and CAT were higher than those in control in roots and leaves of peanut with reducing application of amino acids and it was notable at the podding stage.The activity of SOD was 1.41 and 1.71 times as high as the control group,and the activity of CAT increased by 11.0 and 47.0%.Moreover,The reduction of chemical fertilizer and the mixed amino acids and selenium fertilizer on peanut leaves POD activity in pegging stage was significantly higher than that of CK,increased by 52.7%and 39.8%than CK.4.The application of reduced chemical fertilizer and the mixed amino acids fertilizer could promote the growth of main stem and lateral branch of continuous cropping peanut plants,increase the effective number of branches and the number of pods per plant and seed yield,improve seed rate,seed fat and then effectively improve the yield of continuous cropping peanut with amino acids,increasing by 9%compared with the control group.Reducing chemical fertilizer and the mixed selenium fertilizer could significantly increase the content of protein and crude fat,increasing by 4.7%and 10.3%compared with the control,reduce the soluble sugar content,and improve the quality of peanut continuous cropping.5.The application of chemical fertilizer and the mixed amino acids significantly increased the N,P,K utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency of peanut.Among them,the effect of potassium fertilizer was the most prominent.And the utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could reach 55.3%,32.7%,and 63.5%respectively.The increase was 27.4%?32.5%.Besides,the agronomic efficiency of N,P and K increased by 21.7%,38.6%,and 40.4%compared with the control.In summary,reduced chemical fertilizer would improve the yield and quality of peanut and the utilization efficiency of fertilizer was improved obviously with amino acids and selenium fertilizer.Therefore,it could alleviate the effect of continuous cropping peanut by reducing chemical fertilizer and the mixed amino acids and selenium fertilizer. |
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