The Study And Extension On Dryland High-yield Culture Technique Of Small Grain Soybean In Yulin

The small grain soybean has rich nutrition,strong resistance,and long optimum sowing time which makes it a maintaining,rotating and emergency crop.As a traditional mainlycultured crop,the cultivated area of small grain soybean is more than 2/5 of the area sown at most in Yulin,and inShenmu county it is up to 33000 hectares among the whole 50000 hectare sown area.At present the city’s 12 counties’ perennial cultivated area is about 80000 hectares,which makes the maximum proportion in Shaanxi small grain soybean production.Because of the strong resistance and adaptability and the characteristics of high protein,low heat,the small grain soybean has become the main legume resource in Loess Plateau area.Therefore,to carry out small grain soybean variety breeding,cross breeding,high yield cultivation technique research and integration,study and produce related convenience foods and functional products,is an important way to promote the industrial development and improve eco-environment,reduce the using of chemical fertilizer and pesticide of the small grain soybean in Yulin.However,for a long time,yulin small grain soybean are all local farm varieties,lack of new varieties,mixed breed degraded seriously.Therefore,screening fine varieties,analyzing quality characteristicsof small grain soybean,studying integrated cultivation techniques,the development and utilization of small grain of soybean resources,promote the region agricultural increase production has important practical significance.This study is based on high quality small grain soybean variety breeding,main cultivated technique research integration and proper regional devision,while screening suitable small grain soybean variety.Systematically evaluate nutrient element functional ingredients of different varieties and growth characteristic small grain soybean.At the same time,develop sowing time,density,fertility and cultivation pattern test,integrate small grain soybean high-quality high-yield cultivation techniques,and demonstrate and generalize it.(1)Different tested varieties have obvious volume variance.Based on the resources collection,screening and evaluation,to select 10 small grain soybean varieties in Shenmu,Hengshan,Zizhou,Yuyang,Qingjian,etc,and take variety regional test,screening high-quality small grain soybean main clutivar and match cultivar.(2)Make evaluations of 10 main cultivars and matched cultivars on nutrient ingredient and functional ingredient.The results showed that there were significant differences in the nutrient composition of soybean cultivars with different grain size and colour.The contents of crude protein,carbohydrate and fat in the small soybean varieties were higher than those in the black beans,but the content of ash is lower than that of the small black beans,but the chemical composition of the different color soybean was not significant.The contents of VA,VB1,VB2 and VE in small yellow soybean are significant higher than that in small grain soybean.The contents of calcium,phosphorus,magnesium,iron,copper and manganese in small grains soybean are higher than those of small yellow soybean,potassium,while sodium and zinc are lower.Small grain soybean has strong antioxidant capacity,but there is a significant difference in antioxidant capacity between different varieties.In the total phenol content,the total flavonoid content level of small grain soybeans is small grains of soybean 3.3 times and 4.9 times,anthocyanin content of small grains of soybeans higher but small grains of soybeans did not detect anthocyanin content.The total antioxidant capacity of the six small grains of black beans was 13.8 times that of the control varieties.Anti-oxidant activity of the six small soybean varieties can be used as functional health food industry for the development of the main varieties.(3)Organised to carry out small grain soybean sowing date,density,fertilizer efficiency test,integrated small grain soybean high yield cultivation techniques.The results showed that the suitable sowing date of the small grain soybean in Yulin is May 8-May 22,and the best sowing date of Qingjian,Zizhou and Shenmu is May 15;the best of Yuyang Sowing is May 8;the best sowing date of Dingbian is May 22,sowing in the appropriate sowing period can significantly improve the yield level of small grains of soybean;density test results shows that Yuyang,Hengshan,Zizhou black beans suitable Planting density is 67500 plants/hm2;Shenmu,Qingjian small grain soybean suitable planting density is 75000 plants/hm2,reasonable close planting can also significantly enhance the yield level of small grains;research shows that no matter what kind of coverage,northern Shaanxi dryland after soil mulching,the soil water content was significantly different with the seasonal variation,and the difference of vertical water distribution decreased with the depth of soil layer.The average soil water content of 0-100 cm soil layer increased by 17.82%,5.16%and 7.90%compared with CK.At the same time,the application of plastic film mulching technology after the emergence of small grains of soybean emergence time,budding flowering and mature harvest and other fertility processes have all ahead of the growth process of black beans has a significant role in promoting.The cultivation of small grain soybean after plastic film mulching can obviously improve the utilization efficiency of crops to water,which is an ideal planting technique for increasing water production.The results showed that the maximum fertilization rate was N:6.48 kg/667m2,P205:1.6 kg/667m2,k2O:2.98 kg/667m2,and the yield was 160.68 kg/667m2.The regression equation was calculated by the F test.The optimum amount of fertilizer:N:6.61 kg/667m2,P205:1.49 kg/667 m2,k20:3.13 kg/667 m2,the yield is 163.12 kg/667 m2,N:P:K = 1:0.23:0.47.According to the development direction of small grain soybean production technology and the ecological environment condition of Yulin dry farming area,combined with the actual production of small grain soybean in Yulin City,Yulin small grain soybean industry development should aim at the market demand,choose the quality and obvious yield of small grain soybean varieties,High,fragrant,protein content,100-grain and other special varieties breeding for breeding objectives,to speed up the breeding of varieties and technology demonstration and extension to achieve income-producing areas of farmers,agricultural efficiency and sustainable agricultural development.