| Maize is one of the important crop in China.Because of lack of rainfall and malfertilization in arid area,but only through rainfall micro-collecting to raise yield is not feasible,so reasonable fertilizer application is important.In order to explore in rainfall micro-collecting condition,the effect on yield?soil water and water?fertilizer use efficiency because of fertilizer application,a two factors randomized block designed pot with five fertilizer levels and three fertilizer patterns field experiment was conducted in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia in 2015-2016.During the maize growth stages,0-200 cm soil moisture changed with fertilizer application.The needs for water was little in seeding stage,but in late stage maize growth became quickly,fertilizer application promoted water utilization and absorption remarkability on maize and reduced water storage of soil.In silking stage?milking stage and mature stage,compared with CK,others water storage were significant differences(P<0.05).In three stages,L0?M0? H0?SH0 water storage of water were 27.5%-50.7% lower than CK respectively.Comparison of different fertilization patterns,their water storage were not significant difference and topdressing twice was 3.1%-19.9% higher than topdressing once and all basal fertilizer application?.2 Effect of fertilizer application on maize biomass?grain yield and harvest index(1)Under different fertilizer applying amount,biomass first increased and then decreased with the improvement of fertilizer application,and high level was the best.Compared with CK,biomass of L0?M0?H0?SH0 were 136%-300% higher and significant difference(P<0.05);The same fertilizer level,under different fertilization methods,Except for the pre-jointing,topdressing two times of biomass of maize was the best,then was topdressing one time.Biomass production was changed in parabola form with increasing fertilizer applying amount during the harvest stage,and fertilizer applying of high level was the best.Under different fertilizer applying levels,biomass production of L0?M0?H0?SH0 were significant differences compared with CK(P<0.05),and were 88%-233% higher than that of CK,and the biomass production of 2015 was higher than 2016.Biomass production of topdressing two times was4%-11% higher than topdressing once and 3%-23% higher than all basal fertilizer application in same fertilizer applying amount and different fertilizer patterns.(2)Fertilizer application was beneficial to maize grain formation.Spring maize grain yield was changed in parabola form with increasing fertilizer applying amount during the harvest stage,and fertilizer applying of high level was the best,Under different fertilizer applying levels,grain yield of L0?M0?H0?SH0 were significant differences compared with CK(P<0.05),and were 119%-385% higher than that of CK,and the g of 2015 was higher than 2016.Grain yield of topdressing two times was higher in same fertilizer applying amount and different fertilizer patterns,then was topdressing one time.Compared with CK,others harvest index were significant difference(P<0.05)and harvest index of SH0?H0?M0?L0 were 65.2%?69.5%?82.6%? 80.64% higher than that of CK;Except high level,topdressing twice was 5% higher than topdressing once and all basal fertilizer application and their differences were not significant.3 Effect of fertilizer application on water use efficiencyWater consumption was changed in parabola form with increasing fertilizer applying amount during the harvest stage,and H0 was the highestin 2015 and M0 in 2016.Water use efficiency of M0 was the highest and CK was the lowest.Water use efficiency of L0?M0?H0?SH0 were significant differences compared with CK(P<0.05).Topdressing twice of water consumption(except for high level)and water using efficiency were higher in same fertilizer applying amount and different fertilizer patterns.4 Effects of fertilizer application on nutrition uptake and utilization of maizeWith the increase of fertilizer application,nitrogen and phosphorus content in stem and sheath organs of maize also increased,and levels and grains of maize were changed in parabola form with increasing fertilizer applying amount.Nutrition uptake was changed in parabola form with increasing fertilizer applying amount during the harvest stage,and H0 was the highest.N uptake of M0?H0?SH0 were significant differences compared with CK0,and which were 114%?159%? 163% higher.P uptake of L0?M0?H0?SH0 were significant differences compared with CK0,and which were 36.5%?122%?260%?262% higher.Utilization and PFP of N and P changed like nutrition uptake,but M0 was the highest not was H0.N uptake?utilization and PFP of topdressing twice were higher in the same fertilizer applying amount and different fertilizer application patterns.Considering factors of soil moisture?biomass accumulation? yield?water and fertilizer use efficiency,H2 was beneficial to maize growth.So H2 is fit for maize real production. |
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