Effects Of Guanidinoacetc Acid On Performance,Meat Quality,Antioxidation And Biochemical Parameters In Cherry Valley Ducks

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid(GAA)on growth performance,slaughtering performance,meat quality,antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in Cherry Valley ducks and to briefly explore the mechanism of GAA,for further research and application in livestock and poultry industry.This experiment was divided into three parts:Experiment 1 The objective was to study the effect of GAA on the growth performance,slaughtering performance,creatine and creatinine levels of plasma and tissue samples in Cherry Valley ducks.A total of 720 healthy and roughly equal weight 10-day-old Cherry Valley ducks,were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 30 ducks in each replicate.Experimental treatments included:the basal diet only(Control group),control diet supplemented with 0.025%GAA(Experiment group ?),0.05%GAA(Experiment group ?)and 0.1%GAA(Experiment group ?).The 32-day experimental period started when ducks were 10-d-old,and finished when they were slaughtered at 42-d-old.The results showed that:GAA supplementation tended to increase ADG and decrease F/G respectively,but it was not significant(P>0.05).The percentage of half eviscerated yield,eviscerated yield,leg muscle also tended to be increased,especially for experiment group ?,which had significant difference(P<0.05),compared with the control group.The creatine content of breast muscle in experiment group ? and ? was higher(P<0.05)than in the control.The plasma creatine content of experiment group ?was increased when compared with control group and experiment group ?(P<0.05).The results suggested that diets supplemented with GAA had no significant effect on growth performance of Cherry Valley ducks,but chould improve slaughter performance and,increase the muscle and plasma creatine content.Overall,this study suggested that GAA is an effective creatine source.Experiment 2 This experiment was to investigate the effect of GAA on meat quality of Cherry Valley ducks.The experiment design was the same as experiment 1.The results showed that:compared with the control group,breast pH45min in the three experiment groups was increased by 0.04,0.07,0.03 unit,respectively,especially the experiment group? was significantly different(P<0.05).No difference was detected on postmortem pH24h and meat color in all the treatment.It tended to decrease in both the drip loss(postmortem 48h)and shear force of breast muscle with the three GAA supplementations.Drip loss and shear force in group ? was decreased significantly by 28.02%(P<0.05)and 19.87%(P<0.05),respectively.Besides,subcutaneous fat thickness was decreased and intermuscular fat width was increased but no significance was detected The results suggested that supplementing diets with GAA is effective in delaying the pH decline,improving the water-holding capability and tenderness of breast muscle of Cherry Valley ducks,but have no significant effect on meat color.Experiment 3 This study mainly explored the impacts of GAA on antioxidant capacity,biochemical parameters and amino acid profiles in serum or plasma in Cherry Valley ducks.The experiment design was same as experiment 1.In serum,the T-AOC,CAT and SOD in the three experiment groups were all increased with no significance when compared with the control(P>0.05).The MDA tended to decrease when GAA was supplemented,especially in experiment group ?(P<0.05).Compared with the control,GSH-PX in the three experiment groups increased respectively by 9.96%,32.46%,12.34%,and the experiment group ? was significantly different with other groups(P<0.05).GSH also tended to increase when GAA was supplemented,especially in experiment group ?(P<0.05).In liver,the T-AOC,CAT,SOD,GSH-PX,GSH all tended to increase in the three GAA supplementations compared with the control,especially the SOD and GSH in the group ?,which was significantly different with other three groups(P<0.05),the GSH-PX in the group ? was significantly different with the control(P<0.05).It was tended to decrease in both serum LD and NEFA with the three GAA supplementations,especially for group II,which has significant difference(P<0.05),compared with the control.The concentration of T4 and IGF-1 in serum tended to increase,especially the T4 in experiment group ? significantly differ with the control(P<0.05).No difference was detected on the concentration of GLU,UA,TG in serum.The concentration of plasma Asp in group II was significantly higher than other three groups(P<0.05);The concentration of plasma Ala tended to decrease,especially the group II was significantly different with the control(P<0.05);The concentration of plasma Arg in group III was significantly higher than other three groups(P<0.05),while Met in group II was significantly lower than group I(P<0.05);There was no significant effect on the concentration of other amino acid.The results suggested that diets supplemented with GAA can improve antioxidant capacity,and tend to decrease LD and NEFA,and tend to increase IGF-1 and T4 in serum of Cherry Valley ducks.GAA has no significant effect on plasma amino acid.