Study On High Yield And Hight Quality Of Deep Tillage In Fallow Period And Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilizer Of Dryland Wheat

The study was carried out from 2014 to 2015 at the Wen xi experiment base of Shanxi Agriculture University. A field test was carried out to study the effect of tillage in fallow period and rational fertilization on soil nutrient, soil moisture, agronomic characters of plant, formation of yield and quality, in order to clear the appropriate amount of fertilizer under the best tillage model. The major results were as follows:(1) Deep turning in fallow period can improve the soil organic matter content at the depth of 0-40 cm at maturity stage, improve the soil available P and available N at the depth of 0-100 cm at growth stages; increasing the nitrogen application rate can improve the soil organic matter content at the depth of 0-40 cm at maturity stage, improve the soil available P and available N at the depth of 0-100 cm at growth stages; when nitrogen application amount was 150 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate can improve the soil organic matter content at the depth of 0-40 cm at maturity stage, improve the soil available P and available N at the depth of 0-100 cm at growth stages; when nitrogen application amount was 180 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate, the soil organic matter content at the depth of 0-40 cm at maturity stage and the soil available P at the depth of 0-100 cm at growth stages was first increased and then decreased, improve the soil available N at the depth of 0-100 cm at elongation stage and booting stage was first increased and then decreased, but mature period first increased and then decreased.(2) Deep turning in fallow period can improve the soil water storage from wintering stage to anthesis stage and the WUE; increasing the nitrogen application rate can improve the soil water storage at different growth stages and the WUE; when nitrogen application amount was 150 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate can improve the soil water storage at the depth of 0-300 cm at different growth stages and the WUE; when nitrogen application amount was 180 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate, the soil water storage at the depth of 0-300 cm at different growth stages and the WUE were first increased and then decreased.(3) Deep turning in fallow period can improve the plant height, the leaf areas and the dry weight at different growth stages; increasing the nitrogen application rate can improve the dry weight at different growth stages, but reduce the harvest index; when nitrogen application amount was 150 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate can improve the dry weight, but the harvest index was first increased and then decreased; when nitrogen application amount was 180 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate, the dry weight at different growth stages andthe dry weight of all organs and the whole plant at maturity stage and the harvest index were first increased and then decreased.(4) Deep turning in fallow period can improve the N accumulation amount in plant at different growth stages and the NTBA and NAAA, the N uptake efficiency and the N harvest index and the N productive efficiency; increasing the nitrogen application rate can improve the N accumulation amount in plant at different growth stages and the NTBA and NAAA and the N harvest index and the N productive efficiency; when nitrogen application amount was 150 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate can improve the N accumulation amount in plant at different growth stages and the NTBA and the N uptake efficiency and the N harvest index and the N productive efficiency; when nitrogen application amount was 180 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate, the N accumulation amount in plant at different growth stages and the NTBA and NAAA, the N uptake efficiency and the N harvest index and the N productive efficiency were first increased and then decreased.(5) Deep turning in fallow period can improve the change of groups tiller at different growth stages and the rate of heading, can improve the 1000-grains weight and the filling rate in grains, the yield increased by 9.76%-15.73%; increasing the nitrogen application rate can improve the change of groups tiller at different growth stages and the rate of heading and the 1000-grains weight and the filling rate in grains and yield and its constritution; when nitrogen application amount was 150 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate can improve the change of groups tiller at different growth stages and the ear number and yield, the rate of heading was first increased and then decreased; when nitrogen application amount was 180 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate, the change of groups tiller at different growth stages and the rate of heading and the ear number and yield were first increased and then decreased, the grain number per spike was reduce, the 1000-grains weight was first decreased and then increased.(6) Deep turning in fallow period can improve the grain protein and its component contents, can improve the grain soluble sugar, sucrose and starch content; increasing the nitrogen application rate can improve the grain protein and its component contents, can improve the grain soluble sugar, sucrose and starch content; when nitrogen application amount was 150 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate can improve the grain protein and its component contents and Protein Yield, can improve the grain soluble sugar, sucrose and starch content; when nitrogen application amount was 180 kg/hm2, increasing the phosphate application rate, the grain protein and its component contents and Protein Yield and the grain soluble sugar, sucrose and starch content were first increased and then decreased.All in all, deep turning + high nitrogen and ratio of N and P was 1:0.75 in fallow period can improve the soil water storage and the WUE, promote Nitrogen Absorption and translocation, improve protein content and grain soluble starch content, finally realizes the high yield and good quality of dryland wheat.